Bayyana Sirrin: Babban Ƙarfin Ka'idar a cikin Batura Lithium-Ion

Me yasa batirin lithium ya kasance babban abin iya ƙarfin ka'idar

A cikin batirin lithium-ion (LIBs), yawancin na'urorin lantarki na tushen karfen oxide suna nuna babban ƙarfin ajiya wanda ya wuce ƙimar su. Ko da yake an ba da rahoton wannan al'amari a ko'ina, tushen hanyoyin physicochemical a cikin waɗannan kayan sun kasance masu wuyar gaske kuma sun kasance batun muhawara.

Bayanan sakamako

Kwanan nan, Farfesa Miao Guoxing na Jami'ar Waterloo, Kanada, Farfesa Yu Guihua na Jami'ar Texas a Austin, da Li Hongsen da Li Qiang na Jami'ar Qingdao sun buga wata takarda ta bincike a kan Kayayyakin Halittu tare da taken "Ƙarfin ajiya a ciki Batir lithium-ion mai canzawa karfe oxide wanda aka bayyana ta wurin magnetometry". A cikin wannan aikin, marubutan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin saka idanu na magnetic don nuna kasancewar ƙarfin ƙarfin sararin samaniya akan ƙananan nanoparticles na ƙarfe da kuma cewa za a iya adana adadi mai yawa na electrons na polarized a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, wanda ya dace da tsarin cajin sararin samaniya. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ƙaddamar da tsarin cajin sararin samaniya zuwa sauran mahaɗan ƙarfe na canji, yana ba da jagora mai mahimmanci don kafa tsarin adana makamashi na ci gaba.

Babban karin bincike

(1) An yi nazarin nau'i na Fe ta hanyar amfani da in-wuri na magnetic saka idanu3O4/ Juyin Halitta na tsarin lantarki a cikin baturin Li;

(2) ya bayyana cewa Fe3O4A cikin tsarin / Li, ƙarfin cajin saman shine babban tushen ƙarin ƙarfin;

(3) The surface capacitance inji na karfe nanoparticles za a iya mika zuwa fadi da kewayon mika mulki karfe mahadi.

Jagorar rubutu da rubutu

1. Halin tsari da kaddarorin electrochemical

Monodisperse hollow Fe an haɗa shi ta hanyar hanyoyin hydrothermal na al'ada3O4Nanospheres, sannan an yi shi a 100 mAg-1 Cajin da fitarwa a yawancin halin yanzu (Hoto 1a), ƙarfin fitarwa na farko shine 1718 mAh g-1, 1370 mAhg a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi- 1 Kuma 1,364 mAhg-1, Nisa fiye da 926 mAhg-1 Ka'idar tsammanin. Hotunan BF-STEM na samfurin da aka fitar (Hoto 1b-c) sun nuna cewa bayan raguwar lithium, Fe3O4The nanospheres an canza su zuwa ƙananan Fe nanoparticles masu auna kusan 1 - 3 nm, sun watse a cikin cibiyar Li2O.

Don nuna canji a cikin maganadisu yayin zagayowar electrochemical, an sami madaidaicin magnetization bayan cikakken fitarwa zuwa 0.01 V (Hoto 1d), yana nuna halayen superparamagnetic saboda samuwar nanoparticles.

Hoto 1 (a) a 100 mAg-1Fe na keken keke a halin yanzu density3O4/ Cajin na yau da kullun da madaidaicin fitarwa na batirin Li; (b) cikakken lithium Fe3O4 Hoton BF-STEM na lantarki; (c) kasancewar Li a cikin aggregate2High-ƙuduri BF-STEM hotuna na O da Fe; (d) Fe3O4Maganin hysteresis na lantarki kafin (baƙi) da bayan (blue), da Langevin Fitted lankwasa na ƙarshen (purple).

2. Gano ainihin-lokaci na haɓakar tsari da haɓakar maganadisu

Domin hada electrochemistry da Fe3O4Of na tsari da Magnetic canje-canje da aka danganta da Fe3O4An yi amfani da Electrodes a cikin situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) kuma a cikin yanayin saka idanu na maganadisu. Fe a cikin jeri na XRD diffraction alamu a lokacin farkon fitarwa daga bude-circuit ƙarfin lantarki (OCV) zuwa 1.2V3O4The diffraction kololuwa ba su canza muhimmanci a ko dai tsanani ko matsayi (Hoto 2a), yana nuna cewa Fe3O4Only ya fuskanci Li intercalation tsari. Lokacin da aka caje shi zuwa 3V, Fe3O4The anti-spinel tsarin ya kasance cikakke, yana nuna cewa tsari a cikin wannan taga irin ƙarfin lantarki yana canzawa sosai. Ana ci gaba da sa ido kan yanayin maganadisu haɗe da gwaje-gwajen caji na yau da kullun don bincika yadda maganadisu ke tasowa a ainihin lokacin (Hoto 2b).

Hoto 2 Halayen XRD a cikin wurin da kuma saka idanu na maganadisu.(A) a cikin wurin XRD; (b) Fe3O4Electrochemical cajin-fitarwa kwana a ƙarƙashin 3 T amfani da filin maganadisu da madaidaicin jujjuyawar amsawar maganadisu.

Don samun ƙarin fahimtar wannan tsarin jujjuyawa dangane da canje-canjen maganadisu, ana tattara martanin maganadisu a cikin ainihin lokaci da madaidaicin lokaci na jujjuyawar halayen motsa jiki ta hanyar lantarki (Hoto na 3). A bayyane yake cewa a lokacin fitarwa na farko, Fe3O4The magnetization martani na electrodes bambanta da sauran hawan keke saboda Fe a lokacin farko lithalization3O4Sakamakon irreversible lokaci mika mulki faruwa. Lokacin da yuwuwar ya ragu zuwa 0.78V, Fe3O4An canza lokacin maganin kashin baya zuwa ƙunshe da Li2Ajin FeO halite tsarin O, Fe3O4Ba za a iya dawo da lokaci bayan caji ba. Daidai, maganadisu yana raguwa da sauri zuwa 0.482 μ b Fe-1. Yayin da litialization ke ci gaba, babu wani sabon lokaci da aka kafa, kuma ƙarfin (200) da (220) ajin FeO diffraction kololuwa ya fara raunana.Mai dai-dai da Fe3O4Babu wani babban kololuwar XRD da ke riƙe yayin da aka haɗa wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya (Figure 3a). Lura cewa lokacin da Fe3O4 electrode ya fita daga 0.78V zuwa 0.45V, magnetization (daga 0.482 μ b Fe-1 Ya karu zuwa 1.266 μ bFe-1), An dangana wannan ga amsawar juyi daga FeO zuwa Fe. Sa'an nan, a ƙarshen fitarwa, magnetization ya ragu a hankali zuwa 1.132 μ B Fe-1. Wannan binciken yana nuna cewa ƙananan ƙarfe Fe0Nanoparticles na iya har yanzu shiga cikin aikin ajiyar lithium, don haka rage magnetization na lantarki.

Hoto 3 A cikin yanayin yanayin canjin lokaci da amsawar maganadisu.（a）Fe3O4In situ XRD taswirar da aka tattara yayin fitar farko na lantarki; (b) Fe3O4A cikin wurin ma'aunin ƙarfin maganadisu na kewayawa na electrochemical na / Li cell a filin maganadisu da aka yi amfani da shi na 3 T.

3. Fe0/Li2Surface capacitance na O tsarin

Fe3O4 Canje-canje na maganadisu na lantarki suna faruwa ne a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki ya fi yiwuwa ya haifar da shi, yana nuna kasancewar masu ɗaukar cajin da ba a gano a cikin tantanin halitta ba. Don gano yuwuwar injin ajiyar lithium, an yi nazarin Fe ta hanyar XPS, STEM da spectrum aikin maganadisu3O4Electrodes na kololuwar maganadisu a 0.01V,0.45V da 1.4V don tantance tushen canjin maganadisu. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin maganadisu shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci da ke shafar canjin maganadisu, saboda ma'aunin Fe0/Li2The Ms of the O system ba su da tasiri ta hanyar anisotropy na Magnetic da haɗin gwiwar interparticle.

Don ƙarin fahimtar Fe3O4Kayan motsa jiki na lantarki a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, cyclic voltammetry a ƙimar sikanin daban-daban. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 4a, lanƙwan ƙayyadaddun voltammogram na cyclic rectangular yana bayyana a cikin kewayon ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin 0.01V da 1V (Hoto 4a). Hoto na 4b ya nuna cewa Fe3O4A capacitive martani ya faru akan lantarki. Tare da amsawar maganadisu mai saurin jujjuyawa na tsarin cajin halin yanzu da fitarwa (Hoto 4c), magnetization na lantarki ya ragu daga 1V zuwa 0.01V yayin aiwatar da fitarwa, kuma ya sake ƙaruwa yayin aiwatar da caji, yana nuna cewa Fe0Na capacitor-kamar surface dauki ne sosai reversible.

Hoto 4 kaddarorin lantarki na lantarki da kuma a cikin yanayin yanayin maganadisu a 0.011 V.(A) Ƙimar cyclic voltammetric. (c) canjin jujjuyawar maganadisu dangane da madaidaicin cajin caji ƙarƙashin filin maganadisu na 5 T da aka yi amfani da shi.

Fe3O4 da aka ambata a sama Fasalolin lantarki, tsari da maganadisu na lantarki suna nuna cewa ƙarin ƙarfin baturi an ƙaddara ta Fe0The spin-polarized surface capacitance na nanoparticles yana haifar da rakiyar sauye-sauyen maganadisu. The spin-polarized capacitance shi ne sakamakon juyi-polarized caji tarawa a dubawa da kuma iya nuna wani Magnetic martani a lokacin cajin da fitarwa.to Fe3O4The tushe lantarki, a lokacin farko fitarwa tsari, da aka tarwatsa a Li2Fine Fe nanoparticles a cikin O substrate da manyan ma'auni na sama-zuwa-girma da kuma gane babban yawan jihohi a matakin Fermi saboda yanayin d orbitals na gida sosai. A cewar Maier's theoretical model of spatial charge ajiya, mawallafa sun ba da shawarar cewa za a iya adana yawan adadin electrons a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu rarrabawa na ƙarfe Fe nanoparticles, waɗanda za a iya samu a cikin Fe / Li2 Ƙirƙirar juzu'i-polarized saman capacitors a cikin O nanocomposites ( Hoto na 5).

jadawali 5Fe/Li2A Schematic wakilci na surface capacitance na juzu'i-polarized electrons a O-interface. da yawa juya polarization na baƙin ƙarfe; (b) samuwar yankin cajin sararin samaniya a cikin samfurin capacitor na saman na lithium da aka wuce gona da iri.

Takaitawa da Outlook

TM / Li an bincika ta ci-gaba a cikin wurin kula da maganadisu2Juyin halittar tsarin lantarki na ciki na O nanocomposite don bayyana tushen ƙarin ƙarfin ajiya na wannan baturin lithium-ion. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa, duka a cikin tsarin Fe3O4/Li model cell, electrochemically rage Fe nanoparticles na iya adana adadi mai yawa na electrons-polarized electrons, wanda ya haifar da wuce gona da iri da kuma canza yanayin maganadisu mai mahimmanci. Gwaje-gwajen sun ƙara inganta CoO, NiO, da FeF2And Fe2 Kasancewar irin wannan ƙarfin a cikin kayan lantarki na N yana nuna kasancewar ƙarfin ƙarfin juzu'i na nanoparticles na ƙarfe a cikin batir lithium ion kuma yana kafa tushe don aikace-aikacen wannan injin cajin sararin samaniya a cikin sauran canji. karfe fili na tushen lantarki kayan.

mahada adabi

Ƙarfin ajiya a cikin baturan lithium-ion karfen oxide wanda aka bayyana ta a cikin situ magnetometry (Kayan yanayi, 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0756-y)

Tasirin dabarar ƙirar wafer na lithium electrode da lahanin wafer na lantarki akan aiki

1. Pole film zane labarin tushe

Lantarki na baturi lithium shafi ne wanda ya ƙunshi barbashi, daidai gwargwado a kan ruwan ƙarfe. Lithium ion baturi shafi na lantarki za a iya daukarsa a matsayin hadadden abu, yafi hada da sassa uku:

(1) Barbashi mai aiki;

(2) lokacin da ke tattare da wakili mai gudanarwa da wakili (lokacin mannewar carbon);

(3) Pore, cika da electrolyte.

An bayyana dangantakar ƙarar kowane lokaci kamar haka:

Porosity + rayayye ƙarar juzu'i + carbon m lokaci juzu'i juzu'i =1

Zane na lithium baturi electrode zane yana da matukar muhimmanci, kuma yanzu an gabatar da ainihin ilimin ƙirar batirin lithium electrode electrode a takaice.

(1) Ƙarfin ka'idar kayan lantarki Ƙarfin ka'idar kayan lantarki, wato ƙarfin da duk ions lithium ke bayarwa a cikin kayan da ke cikin halayen electrochemical, ana ƙididdige ƙimarsa ta hanyar lissafin mai zuwa:

Misali, LiFePO4The molar mass shine 157.756 g/mol, kuma karfin ka'idarsa shine:

Wannan ƙimar da aka ƙididdige ita ce kawai ƙarfin gram na ka'idar. Don tabbatar da tsarin juzu'i na kayan, ainihin ƙimar cirewar lithium ion bai wuce 1 ba, kuma ainihin ƙarfin gram na kayan shine:

Ainihin ƙarfin gram na abu = ƙarfin ka'idar lithium ion unplugging coefficient

(2) Batirin ƙira iya aiki da kuma musamman daya-gefe yawa yawa baturi ƙira iya aiki za a iya lissafta da wadannan dabara: baturi ƙira iya aiki = shafi surface yawa aiki rabo aiki gram iya aiki iyakacin duniya takardar shafi yankin

Daga cikin su, girman girman rufin shine maɓallin ƙira mai mahimmanci. Lokacin da compaction yawa ba canzawa, da karuwa na shafi surface yawa yana nufin cewa iyakacin duniya takardar kauri yana ƙaruwa, da electron watsa nesa ƙara, da electron juriya yana ƙaruwa, amma karuwa digiri ne iyakance. A cikin kauri electrode takardar, karuwa da ƙaura impedance na lithium ions a cikin electrolyte shine babban dalilin da ya shafi halayen rabo. Idan akai la'akari da porosity da pore murgudawa, gudun hijira nisa na ions a cikin pore ne sau da yawa fiye da kauri na iyakacin duniya takardar.

(3) Matsakaicin ma'aunin iya aiki mara kyau-tabbatacce N/P mummunan iya aiki zuwa ingantaccen iyawa an bayyana shi azaman:

N / P ya zama mafi girma fiye da 1.0, kullum 1.04 ~ 1.20, wanda shine yafi a cikin aminci zane, don hana mummunan gefen lithium ion daga hazo ba tare da yarda tushen, zane yi la'akari da iya aiki, kamar shafi sabawa. Koyaya, lokacin da N/P ya yi girma, baturin zai rasa ƙarfin da ba zai iya jurewa ba, yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi da ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi.

Don lithium titanate anode, an karɓi ingantaccen ƙirar lantarki ta wuce gona da iri, kuma ƙarfin baturi yana ƙaddara ta ƙarfin lithium titanate anode. Kyakkyawan ƙira mai ƙima yana da amfani don haɓaka aikin batir mai girma: yawan zafin jiki mai zafi ya fito ne daga gurɓataccen lantarki. A cikin ingantaccen ƙirar ƙira, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, kuma yana da sauƙin ƙirƙirar fim ɗin SEI akan saman lithium titanate.

(4) Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙima da porosity na shafi A cikin tsarin samarwa, ana ƙididdige yawan adadin ƙwayar baturi ta hanyar da ke gaba. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa lokacin da aka yi birgima takardar sandar, an tsawaita foil ɗin ƙarfe, girman girman rufin bayan an ƙididdige abin nadi ta hanyar da ke gaba.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, murfin ya ƙunshi lokaci na kayan rayuwa, lokacin mannewar carbon da pore, kuma ana iya ƙididdige porosity ta hanyar ma'auni mai zuwa.

Daga cikin su, matsakaicin yawa na shafi shi ne: lithium baturi electrode wani nau'i ne na powders barbashi na rufi, saboda foda barbashi surface m, wanda ba bisa ka'ida ba siffar, a lokacin da tarawa, barbashi tsakanin barbashi da barbashi, da kuma wasu barbashi da kanta suna da fasa da pores. haka foda girma ciki har da foda girma, da pores tsakanin foda barbashi da barbashi, sabili da haka, m iri-iri na lantarki shafi yawa da porosity wakilci. Yawan adadin foda yana nufin adadin foda a kowace juzu'in raka'a. Dangane da girma na foda, an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan uku iri: rabo mai yawa, ƙarancin barbashi da yawa. An fayyace ma'auni daban-daban kamar haka:

1. Gaskiya mai yawa yana nufin adadin da aka samu ta hanyar rarraba ƙwayar foda ta hanyar ƙarar (ƙarar gaske) ban da ƙananan ciki da na waje na barbashi. Wato yawan adadin al'amarin da aka samu shi da kansa bayan ya keɓe ƙarar dukkan ɓangarorin.
2. Barbashi yawa yana nufin yawa na barbashi samu ta hanyar rarraba foda taro raba da barbashi girma ciki har da bude rami da rufaffiyar rami. Wato, rata tsakanin barbashi, amma ba da kyau pores a cikin barbashi, da yawa daga cikin barbashi da kansu.
3. Ƙimar tarawa, wato, nauyin rufewa, yana nufin adadin da aka samu ta hanyar ƙwayar foda wanda aka raba ta ƙarar murfin da aka kafa ta foda. Ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ya haɗa da ramukan barbashi da kansu da kuma ɓarna tsakanin sassan.

Don foda iri ɗaya, ƙimar gaske> ƙaƙƙarfan ɓarna> yawan tattarawa. Porosity na foda shine rabo na pores a cikin murfin ƙwayar foda, wato, rabon ƙarar ƙurar da ke tsakanin ɓangarorin foda da pores na barbashi zuwa jimlar murfin, wanda aka kwatanta da yawa. a matsayin kashi. A porosity na foda ne m dukiya alaka barbashi ilimin halittar jiki, surface jihar, barbashi size da barbashi size rarraba. Ƙarfin sa kai tsaye yana rinjayar kutsewar electrolyte da watsa ion lithium. Gabaɗaya, girman porosity, mafi sauƙin shigar da electrolyte, da saurin watsa lithium ion. Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙirar baturin lithium, wani lokacin don ƙayyade porosity, hanyar matsa lamba na mercury da aka saba amfani da su, hanyar adsorption gas, da sauransu. Hakanan ana iya samun su ta hanyar amfani da lissafin yawa. Hakanan porosity na iya samun tasiri daban-daban lokacin amfani da yawa daban-daban don lissafin. Lokacin da yawa daga cikin porosity na rayuwa abu, conductive wakili da dauri aka lissafta da gaskiya yawa, da lasafta porosity hada da rata tsakanin barbashi da rata a cikin barbashi. Lokacin da porosity na mai rai abu, conductive wakili da ɗaure aka lissafta da barbashi yawa, da lasafta porosity hada da rata tsakanin barbashi, amma ba rata a cikin barbashi. Saboda haka, girman pore na lithium baturi electrode sheet shima yana da nau'i-nau'i, gabaɗaya tazarar dake tsakanin barbashi yana cikin girman ma'aunin micron, yayin da tazarar da ke cikin barbashi yana cikin nanometer zuwa sikelin sub-submicron. A cikin na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi, alaƙar abubuwan sufuri kamar ingantaccen diffusivity da conductivity za'a iya bayyana su ta wannan ma'auni mai zuwa:

Inda D0 ke wakiltar ƙimar yaɗawa na zahiri (gudanarwa) na kayan kanta, ε shine juzu'in juzu'i na daidaitaccen lokaci, kuma τ shine kewayawar da'irar daidaitaccen lokaci. A cikin ƙirar kamanni na macroscopic, ana amfani da alaƙar Bruggeman gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar ƙididdiga ɑ = 1.5 don ƙididdige ingantaccen ingancin na'urorin lantarki.

Electrolyte ya cika a cikin ramuka na lardunan da suka lalace, inda ion lithium ke gudana ta hanyar lantarki, kuma halayen halayen lithium ions suna da alaƙa da porosity. Mafi girma da porosity, mafi girma juzu'in juzu'i na electrolyte lokaci, da kuma mafi girma tasiri conductivity na lithium ions. A cikin tabbataccen takardar lantarki, ana watsa electrons ta hanyar mannewar carbon, juzu'in juzu'i na lokacin mannewar carbon da karkatar da lokacin mannewar carbon kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingantaccen aiki na electrons.

Matsakaicin adadin kuzari da juzu'in juzu'in mannewar carbon suna cin karo da juna, kuma babban porosity ba makawa yana haifar da juzu'in juzu'in mannewar carbon, saboda haka, ingantattun kaddarorin ion lithium da electrons suma suna cin karo da juna, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 2. Yayin da porosity ya ragu, ƙarfin aiki mai tasiri na lithium ion yana raguwa yayin da tasirin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa. Yadda za a daidaita biyun yana da mahimmanci a ƙirar lantarki.

Hoto 2 Tsarin tsari na porosity da lithium ion da electron conductivity

2. Nau'in da gano lahani na sanda

 

A halin yanzu, a cikin aiwatar da shirye-shiryen sandar baturi, ana karɓar ƙarin fasahohin gano kan layi, ta yadda za a iya gano lahani na samfuran yadda ya kamata, kawar da gurɓataccen samfuran, da kuma lokacin da aka ba da amsa ga layin samarwa, gyare-gyare ta atomatik ko manual ga samarwa. tsari, don rage m kudi.

The on-line gano fasahar da aka saba amfani da sandar takarda masana'anta sun hada da slurry halayyar ganewa, iyakacin duniya ingancin ganowa, girma ganewa da sauransu, Misali: (1) da online danko mita ne kai tsaye shigar a cikin shafi ajiya tanki don gane rheological. halaye na slurry a ainihin lokacin, Gwada kwanciyar hankali na slurry; (2) Yin amfani da X-ray ko β-ray a cikin tsarin sutura, Babban ma'auninsa, Amma babban radiation, farashin kayan aiki da matsalolin kulawa; (3) Ana amfani da fasahar auna kauri ta kan layi na Laser don auna kauri na takardar sandal, Daidaitaccen ma'auni zai iya kaiwa ± 1. 0 μ m, Hakanan yana iya nuna canjin canjin ma'aunin kauri da kauri a cikin ainihin lokacin, Sauƙaƙe gano bayanan bayanai. da bincike; (4) CCD fasahar hangen nesa, Wato, layin tsararrun CCD da ake amfani da su duba auna abu, Real-time image aiki da kuma bincike na lahani Categories, Gane da wadanda ba lalata online ganewa na iyakacin duniya takardar surface lahani.

A matsayin kayan aiki don sarrafa inganci, fasahar gwajin kan layi ita ma tana da mahimmanci don fahimtar alaƙa tsakanin lahani da aikin baturi, ta yadda za a iya tantance ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin / waɗanda ba su cancanta ba don samfuran da aka gama.

A bangare na karshe, an gabatar da sabuwar hanyar fasahar gano lahani ta fuskar batirin lithium-ion, fasahar hoto ta infrared da kuma alakar da ke tsakanin wadannan lahani daban-daban da aikin sinadaran lantarki a takaice.consult D. Mohanty Cikakken nazari na Mohanty et al.

(1) Common lahani a kan iyakacin duniya takardar surface

Hoto na 3 yana nuna lahani na gama gari a saman na'urar lantarki ta batirin lithium ion, tare da hoton gani a hagu da hoton da mai hoton zafi ya kama a dama.

Hoto 3 Lalacewar gama gari a saman takardar sandal: (a, b) bulobu mai buge-buge / tara; (c, d) sauke abu / pinhole; (e, f) ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe; (g, h) rufin da bai dace ba

 

(A, b) tashe bulge / tara, irin wannan lahani na iya faruwa idan slurry yana motsawa ko'ina ko kuma saurin shafi ya kasance m. Ƙungiyar mannewa da ma'aikatan baƙar fata na carbon suna haifar da ƙananan abun ciki na kayan aiki masu aiki da nauyin nauyi na allunan iyakacin duniya.

 

(c, d) digo/pinhole, waɗannan wuraren da ba su da lahani ba a rufe su kuma yawanci ana yin su ta kumfa a cikin slurry. Suna rage adadin kayan aiki masu aiki kuma suna fallasa mai tarawa zuwa electrolyte, don haka rage ƙarfin lantarki.

 

(E, f) baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe, slurry ko baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe da aka gabatar a cikin kayan aiki da muhalli, da baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe na iya haifar da babbar illa ga batir lithium. Manyan ɓangarorin ƙarfe kai tsaye suna lalata diaphragm, wanda ke haifar da ɗan gajeren da'ira tsakanin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da mara kyau, wanda gajere ne na zahiri. Bugu da kari, lokacin da karfen jikin waje ya gauraya a cikin ingantacciyar lantarki, ingantaccen yuwuwar yana karuwa bayan caji, karfe yana warwarewa, ya bazu ta hanyar electrolyte, sannan ya zube a kan mara kyau, sannan ya huda diaphragm, yana samar da gajeriyar kewayawa. wanda shine gajeriyar kewayawar sinadarai. Mafi yawan baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe a cikin rukunin masana'antar baturi sune Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, SUS, da sauransu.

 

(g, h) m shafi, kamar slurry hadawa bai isa ba, da barbashi fineness ne sauki bayyana ratsi a lokacin da barbashi ne babba, sakamakon m shafi, wanda zai shafi daidaito na baturi iya aiki, har ma ya bayyana gaba daya. babu suturar sutura, yana da tasiri akan iya aiki da aminci.

(2) Fasahar gano lahani ta sandar sandar sandar Infrared (IR) ana amfani da fasahar hoto ta thermal don gano ƙananan lahani akan busassun na'urorin lantarki waɗanda zasu iya lalata aikin batir lithium-ion. A lokacin gano kan layi, idan an gano lahani na lantarki ko gurɓataccen abu, yi alama a kan takardar sandar, kawar da shi a cikin tsari na gaba, da mayar da shi zuwa layin samarwa, kuma daidaita tsarin a cikin lokaci don kawar da lahani. Infrared ray wani nau'i ne na igiyoyin lantarki da ke da yanayi iri ɗaya da igiyoyin rediyo da haske na bayyane. Ana amfani da na'ura ta musamman ta lantarki don mayar da yanayin yanayin yanayin wani abu zuwa hoton idon ɗan adam da ake iya gani, sannan kuma don nuna yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin wani abu da launuka daban-daban ana kiransa fasahar infrared thermal imaging. Ana kiran wannan na'urar lantarki infrared thermal imager. Duk abubuwan da ke sama da cikakken sifili (-273 ℃) suna fitar da hasken infrared.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 4, infrared thermal approximator (IR Camera) yana amfani da na'urar gano infrared da makasudin hoton gani don karɓar tsarin rarraba makamashin infrared na abin da aka auna da kuma nuna shi akan nau'in mai ɗaukar hoto na mai gano infrared don samun Hoton thermal infrared, wanda yayi daidai da filin rarraba thermal akan saman abu. Lokacin da aka sami lahani a saman abu, yanayin zafi yana canzawa a wurin. Don haka, ana iya amfani da wannan fasaha don gano lahani a saman abin, musamman dacewa da wasu lahani waɗanda ba za a iya bambance su ta hanyar ganowar gani ba. Lokacin da aka gano busarwar batirin lithium ion a kan layi, wutar lantarki za ta fara haskakawa ta hanyar walƙiya, yanayin zafin jiki ya canza, sannan kuma ana gano yanayin zafi tare da hoton thermal. Hoton rarraba zafi yana nunawa, kuma ana sarrafa hoton kuma an bincika shi a ainihin lokacin don gano lahani na saman da alama a cikin lokaci.D. Mohanty Binciken ya shigar da na'urar daukar hoto ta thermal a mashigar tanda mai bushewa don gano yanayin rarraba hoton farfajiyar lantarki.

Hoto na 5 (a) taswirar rarraba yanayin zafin jiki na farfajiyar murfin sandar NMC tabbataccen sandar sandar sandar hoto ta gano, wanda ke ƙunshe da ƙaramin lahani wanda ido tsirara ba zai iya bambanta shi ba. Ana nuna madaidaicin rarraba zafin jiki wanda ya dace da sashin hanya a cikin saitin ciki, tare da hawan zafin jiki a wurin lahani. A cikin hoto na 5 (b), zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa a cikin gida a cikin akwatin da ya dace, daidai da lahani na farfajiyar takardar sanda. FIG. 6 zane ne na rarraba yanayin zafin jiki na takarda mara kyau na lantarki wanda ke nuna wanzuwar lahani, inda kololuwar yanayin zafi ya yi daidai da kumfa ko tara, kuma wurin raguwar zafin jiki ya yi daidai da fil ko digo.

Hoto 5 Rarraba yanayin zafi na tabbataccen takardar takardar lantarki

Hoto 6 Rarraba yanayin zafi na farfajiyar lantarki mara kyau

 

Ana iya ganin cewa ganowar hoto na thermal na rarraba zafin jiki shine hanya mai kyau na gano lahani na katako na katako, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don sarrafa ingancin masana'anta.3. Tasirin lahani na takardar sandal akan aikin baturi

 

(1) Tasiri kan iyawar mai ninka baturi da ingancin Coulomb

Hoto na 7 yana nuna tasirin tasirin tarawa da pinhole akan ƙarfin ninka baturi da ingancin coulen. Tarin zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin baturi a zahiri, amma rage ƙarfin coulen. Pinhole yana rage ƙarfin baturi da ingancin Kulun, kuma ingancin Kulun yana raguwa sosai a cikin ƙima.

Figure 7 cathode tara da pinhole sakamako a kan baturi iya aiki da kuma yadda ya dace da adadi 8 ne m shafi, da kuma karfe kasashen waje jiki Co da Al a kan baturi iya aiki da kuma sakamakon yadda ya dace kwana, m shafi rage baturi naúrar taro damar 10% - 20%, amma duk ƙarfin baturi ya ragu da 60%, wannan yana nuna cewa yawan rayuwa a cikin yanki na polar ya ragu sosai. Metal Co na jikin waje ya rage ƙarfin aiki da ingancin Coulomb, har ma a cikin 2C da 5C babban haɓakawa, babu ƙarfi kwata-kwata, wanda zai iya zama saboda samuwar ƙarfe Co a cikin halayen electrochemical na lithium da lithium da aka saka, ko kuma yana iya zama barbashi na ƙarfe. toshe ramin diaphragm ya haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa.

Hoto 8 Tasirin ingantacciyar suturar lantarki mara daidaituwa da jikkunan ƙasashen waje na ƙarfe Co da Al akan ƙarfin ninka baturi da ingancin coulen

Taƙaitaccen lahani na takardar cathode: Abubuwan da ke cikin takaddar cathode suna rage ingancin batirin Coulomb. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira mai kyau yana rage tasirin Coulomb, yana haifar da mummunan aiki mai yawa, musamman a babban yawan halin yanzu. Rubutun iri-iri ya nuna rashin aikin haɓakawa. Gurɓataccen ƙwayar ƙarfe na iya haifar da ƙananan gajerun kewayawa, don haka na iya rage ƙarfin baturi sosai.
Hoto na 9 yana nuna tasirin ɗigon ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar ɓarna akan ƙarfin ninkawa da ingancin Kulun na baturi. Lokacin da yatsan ya faru a mummunan lantarki, ƙarfin baturin yana raguwa sosai, amma ƙarfin gram ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma tasirin tasirin Kulun ba shi da mahimmanci.

 

Hoto 9 Tasirin ɗigon ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar wutar lantarki mara kyau akan ƙarfin ninka baturi da ingancin Kulun (2) Tasiri kan aikin sake zagayowar baturi Hoto na 10 sakamakon tasirin lahani na fili na lantarki akan zagayowar mai ninka baturi. An taƙaita sakamakon tasirin kamar haka:
Egregation: a 2C, ƙarfin kiyaye ƙarfin hawan keke na 200 shine 70% kuma baturi mara kyau shine 12%, yayin da a cikin sake zagayowar 5C, ƙimar kiyaye ƙarfin cycles 200 shine 50% kuma ƙarancin baturi shine 14%.
Needlehole: Ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki a bayyane yake, amma babu jimlar attenuation attenuation ne mai sauri, kuma ƙarfin kiyaye ƙarfin 200 hawan keke 2C da 5C sune 47% da 40%, bi da bi.
Jikin waje na ƙarfe: ƙarfin ƙarfe Co jikin waje yana kusan 0 bayan hawan keke da yawa, kuma ƙarfin sake zagayowar 5C na jikin baƙin ƙarfe Al foil yana raguwa sosai.
Leak tsiri: Don yanki ɗaya na ɗigo, ƙarfin baturi na ƙananan ratsi masu yawa yana raguwa da sauri fiye da babban ɗigon (47% don hawan keke 200 a cikin 5C) (7% don hawan keke 200 a cikin 5C). Wannan yana nuna cewa girman adadin ratsi, mafi girman tasiri akan zagayowar baturi.

Hoto 10 Tasirin lahani na saman takardar lantarki akan zagayowar adadin tantanin halitta

 

Ref.: [1] Ƙimar rashin lalacewa na ramuka-mutu mai rufi na lithium na biyu baturi electrodes ta in-line Laser caliper da IR thermography hanyoyin [J].ANALYTICALMETHODS.2014, 6(3): 674-683.[2] Tasiri. na lahani na masana'anta na lantarki akan aikin lantarki na batirin lithium-ion: Sanin tushen gazawar baturi[J].Journal of Power Sources.2016, 312: 70-79.