Cikakken Jagora ga Binciken Fitar da Batir Lithium-ion

Gwajin aikin da aka fi amfani da shi na baturin lithium-ion - dabarar nazarin lanƙwan fitarwa

Lokacin da baturin lithium-ion ya fita, ƙarfin ƙarfin aikinsa koyaushe yana canzawa tare da ci gaba da lokaci. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai aiki na baturin azaman ordinate, lokacin fitarwa, ko iya aiki, ko yanayin caji (SOC), ko zurfin fitarwa (DOD) azaman abscissa, kuma lanƙwan da aka zana ana kiransa lanƙwan fitarwa. Don fahimtar yanayin yanayin fitarwa na baturi, da farko muna buƙatar fahimtar ƙarfin baturin bisa manufa.

[Ƙarfin baturi]

Domin amsawar electrode don samar da baturi dole ne ya cika waɗannan sharuɗɗa: tsarin rasa electron a cikin sinadarai (watau tsarin oxygenation) da kuma hanyar samun electron (watau tsarin rage amsawa) dole ne a rabu da shi a wurare biyu daban-daban. wanda ya bambanta da halayen redox na gaba ɗaya; da redox dauki na aiki abu na biyu electrodes dole ne a watsa ta hanyar waje kewaye, wanda ya bambanta da microbattery dauki a cikin karfe lalata tsari. Wutar lantarki na baturi shine yuwuwar bambanci tsakanin ingantacciyar lantarki da na'urar lantarki mara kyau. Ƙayyadaddun maɓalli na maɓalli sun haɗa da buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki, ƙarfin aiki, caji da fitarwa mai yanke wuta, da sauransu.

[Irin ƙarfin lantarki na kayan baturin lithium-ion]

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana nufin nutsewar wani abu mai ƙarfi a cikin maganin lantarki, yana nuna tasirin lantarki, wato, yiwuwar bambancin da ke tsakanin saman karfe da mafita. Wannan bambanci mai yuwuwa ana kiransa yuwuwar ƙarfe a cikin maganin ko yuwuwar wutar lantarki. A takaice, yuwuwar wutar lantarki shine halin ion ko zarra don samun na'urar lantarki.

Saboda haka, ga wani tabbataccen lantarki ko abu mara kyau, idan aka sanya shi a cikin electrolyte tare da gishiri na lithium, ƙarfinsa na lantarki yana bayyana kamar:

Inda φ c shine ƙarfin lantarki na wannan abu. An saita daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki na hydrogen ya zama 0.0V.

[Open-circuit ƙarfin lantarki na baturi]

Ƙarfin electromotive na baturin shine ƙimar ka'idar da aka ƙididdige bisa ga amsawar baturi ta amfani da hanyar thermodynamic, wato, bambanci tsakanin ma'auni na lantarki na baturi da ma'auni mai kyau da mara kyau lokacin da kewayawa ya karya shine matsakaicin darajar. cewa baturi zai iya ba da wutar lantarki. Hasali ma, ingantattun na’urori masu inganci da marasa kyau ba lallai ba ne a cikin yanayin ma’auni na thermodynamic a cikin electrolyte, wato, karfin lantarki da aka kafa ta hanyar ingantattun na’urori masu inganci da na batir a cikin maganin electrolyte yawanci ba karfin wutar lantarki ba ne, don haka Wutar lantarki mai buɗewa na baturin gabaɗaya ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfinsa na lantarki. Don amsawar lantarki:

Idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin da ba daidai ba na bangaren mai amsawa da aiki (ko maida hankali) na bangaren mai aiki a kan lokaci, ainihin buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki na tantanin halitta ana canza shi ta hanyar ma'aunin makamashi:

Inda R shine madaidaicin iskar gas, T shine yawan zafin jiki, kuma a shine aikin bangaren ko maida hankali. Buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki na baturi ya dogara da kaddarorin kayan lantarki masu inganci da mara kyau, electrolyte da yanayin zafin jiki, kuma ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga lissafin lissafi da girman baturin. Lithium ion electrode abu shiri a cikin iyakacin duniya, da lithium karfe takardar harru a cikin button rabin baturi, iya auna da lantarki abu a daban-daban SOC jihar na bude irin ƙarfin lantarki, bude irin ƙarfin lantarki kwana ne lantarki kayan cajin jihar dauki, baturi ajiya bude irin ƙarfin lantarki drop, amma ba mai girma sosai ba, idan buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki da sauri ko girma ya zama abin ban mamaki. Canjin yanayin yanayin yanayin abubuwa masu aiki na bipolar da fitar da kai na baturi sune manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki a cikin ajiya, gami da canjin abin rufe fuska na tebur mai inganci da korau; yuwuwar canjin da ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na thermodynamic na lantarki, rushewa da hazo na ƙazantattun ƙarfe na waje, da ƙaramin gajeriyar da'ira da ke haifar da diaphragm tsakanin na'urori masu inganci da mara kyau. Lokacin da baturin lithium ion ya tsufa, canjin darajar K (digowar wutar lantarki) shine tsari da kwanciyar hankali na fim din SEI a saman kayan lantarki. Idan juzu'in wutar lantarki ya yi girma, akwai ƙaramin gajeriyar kewayawa a ciki, kuma ana ganin batir ɗin bai cancanta ba.

[Polarization Baturi]

Lokacin da halin yanzu ke wucewa ta cikin lantarki, lamarin da electrode ya ɓace daga yuwuwar wutar lantarki ana kiran shi polarization, kuma polarization yana haifar da abin da ya fi ƙarfin. Dangane da abubuwan da ke haifar da polarization, ana iya raba polarization zuwa polarization ohmic, polarization maida hankali da polarization electrochemical. FIG. 2 shine yanayin fitar da baturi na yau da kullun da tasirin polarization daban-daban akan wutar lantarki.

 Hoto 1. Nau'in fitarwa na yau da kullun da polarization

(1) Ohmic polarization: sakamakon juriya na kowane bangare na baturi, ƙimar raguwar matsin lamba yana bin ka'idar ohm, abin da ke faruwa yana raguwa, polarization yana raguwa nan da nan, kuma na yanzu yana ɓacewa nan da nan bayan ya tsaya.

(2) Electrochemical polarization: polarization yana faruwa ne ta hanyar jinkirin halayen electrochemical akan farfajiyar lantarki. Ya ragu sosai a cikin matakin microsecond yayin da halin yanzu ke ƙarami.

(3) Ƙaddamar da hankali: saboda jinkirin tsarin watsawa na ion a cikin bayani, bambancin maida hankali tsakanin farfajiyar lantarki da kuma jikin maganin yana zama polarized a ƙarƙashin wani halin yanzu. Wannan polarization yana raguwa ko ɓacewa yayin da wutar lantarki ke raguwa a daƙiƙan macroscopic ('yan daƙiƙa zuwa dubun daƙiƙai).

Juriya na ciki na baturi yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar fitar da baturin, wanda ya fi dacewa saboda babban fitarwa yana ƙara haɓaka yanayin baturi, kuma girma mai girma na halin yanzu, mafi kyawun yanayin polarization, kamar yadda aka nuna. a cikin Hoto 2. Dangane da dokar Ohm: V=E0-IRT, tare da haɓakar juriya na ciki gabaɗaya RT, lokacin da ake buƙata don ƙarfin baturi don isa wutar da aka yanke ya ragu daidai, don haka ƙarfin fitarwa shima yana raguwa. rage.

Hoto 2. Tasirin yawa na yanzu akan polarization

Baturin lithium ion ainihin nau'in baturi ne na lithium ion. Tsarin caji da fitarwa na batirin lithium ion shine tsari na haɗawa da cire ion lithium a cikin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da mara kyau. Abubuwan da ke shafar polarization na batir lithium-ion sun haɗa da:

(1) Tasirin electrolyte: ƙananan halayen lantarki shine babban dalilin polarization na baturan lithium ion. A cikin kewayon zafin jiki na gabaɗaya, halayen lantarki da ake amfani da su don batirin lithium-ion gabaɗaya 0.01 ~ 0.1S/cm ne kawai, wanda shine kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na maganin ruwa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da batir lithium-ion ke fitarwa a babban halin yanzu, ya yi latti don ƙara Li + daga electrolyte, kuma lamarin polarization zai faru. Haɓaka tafiyar da wutar lantarki shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙarfin fitarwa mai girma na batirin lithium-ion.

(2) Tasirin abubuwa masu kyau da marasa kyau: tashar da ta fi tsayi na abubuwa masu mahimmanci da ƙananan abubuwa masu girma na lithium ion barbashi suna yadawa zuwa saman, wanda ba shi da kyau ga fitarwa mai girma.

(3) Wakilin gudanarwa: abun ciki na wakili ne mai mahimmanci da ke shafar aikin fitarwa na babban rabo. Idan abun ciki na wakili a cikin tsarin cathode bai isa ba, ba za a iya canja wurin electrons a cikin lokaci lokacin da aka fitar da babban halin yanzu ba, kuma juriya na ciki yana ƙaruwa da sauri, don haka ƙarfin baturi ya ragu da sauri zuwa wutar da aka yanke. .

(4) Tasirin ƙirar sandar sanda: kauri na sanda: a cikin yanayin babban fitarwa na yanzu, saurin amsawar abubuwa masu aiki yana da sauri sosai, wanda ke buƙatar ion lithium da sauri a saka a cikin kayan. Idan farantin igiya yana da kauri kuma hanyar yaduwar lithium ion ya karu, alkiblar kaurin sandar zai samar da babban matakin maida hankali na lithium ion.

Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan igiya ya fi girma, pore ya zama ƙarami, kuma hanyar motsin lithium ion motsi a cikin takardar kauri na sandar ya fi tsayi. Bugu da ƙari, idan ƙarancin haɓakawa ya yi girma sosai, wurin hulɗar tsakanin abu da electrolyte yana raguwa, wurin amsawa na lantarki ya ragu, kuma juriya na ciki na baturi kuma zai karu.

(5) Tasirin membrane na SEI: samuwar SEI membrane yana ƙaruwa da juriya na ƙirar lantarki / electrolyte, yana haifar da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki ko polarization.

[Aikin ƙarfin baturi]

Wutar lantarki mai aiki, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, yana nufin yuwuwar bambance-bambance tsakanin ingantattun na'urorin lantarki na baturi lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana a cikin kewaye a yanayin aiki. A halin da ake ciki na fitar da baturi, lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana ta cikin baturi, ya kamata a shawo kan juriya da ke haifar da juriya na ciki, wanda zai haifar da raguwar matsa lamba na ohmic da polarization na lantarki, don haka ƙarfin aiki yana da ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki na budewa. kuma lokacin da ake caji, ƙarshen ƙarfin wutar lantarki koyaushe yana girma sama da buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki. Wato sakamakon polarization yana sanya ƙarshen fitarwar baturi ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki na baturin, wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki na baturin da ke cajin.

Saboda kasancewar abin da ya faru na polarization, ƙarfin lantarki nan take da ainihin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin aiwatar da caji da fitarwa. Lokacin caji, ƙarfin lantarki na take yana ɗan sama sama da ainihin ƙarfin lantarki, polarization yana ɓacewa kuma ƙarfin lantarki yana faɗuwa lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na take da ainihin ƙarfin lantarki ya ragu bayan fitarwa.

Don taƙaita bayanin da ke sama, kalmar ita ce:

E +, E- - suna wakiltar ma'auni na ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da marasa kyau, bi da bi, E + 0 da E- -0 suna wakiltar ma'auni na lantarki na ma'auni na ma'auni mai kyau da mara kyau, bi da bi, VR yana wakiltar ƙarfin polarization na ohmic, da η + , η - -wakiltan mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki masu inganci da mara kyau, bi da bi.

[Asali na gwajin fitarwa]

Bayan fahimtar ainihin ƙarfin baturi, mun fara nazarin yanayin fitar da batir lithium-ion. Matsakaicin magudanar ruwa a zahiri yana nuna yanayin lantarki, wanda shine babban matsayi na canje-canjen yanayi na ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da marasa kyau.

Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na batir lithium-ion a duk lokacin aikin fitarwa ana iya raba shi zuwa matakai uku

1) A cikin matakin farko na baturi, ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa da sauri, kuma mafi girma yawan fitarwa, da sauri ƙarfin lantarki ya ragu;

2) Wutar lantarki ta baturi tana shiga cikin matakan canzawa a hankali, wanda ake kira wurin dandamali na baturi. Karamin adadin fitarwa,

Tsawon lokacin dandali ke da shi, mafi girman ƙarfin dandali, raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a hankali.

3) Lokacin da ƙarfin baturi ya kusa ƙarewa, ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi yana farawa da raguwa sosai har sai wutar lantarki ta daina fitarwa.

Yayin gwaji, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don tattara bayanai

(1) Tattara bayanan halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki da lokaci bisa ga tsararren lokacin saita Δ t;

(2) Tattara bayanan halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki da bayanan lokaci bisa ga saita canjin canjin wutar lantarki Δ V. Daidaitawar caji da kayan aikin caji galibi ya haɗa da daidaito na yanzu, daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki da daidaitaccen lokaci. Tebur 2 yana nuna sigogin kayan aiki na wani injin caji da caji, inda% FS ke wakiltar adadin cikakken kewayon, kuma 0.05% RD yana nufin kuskuren da aka auna a cikin kewayon 0.05% na karatun. Cajin da kayan fitarwa gabaɗaya suna amfani da tushen tushen yanzu na CNC na yau da kullun maimakon juriya don ɗaukar nauyi, don haka ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi ba shi da alaƙa da jerin juriya ko juriya na parasitic a cikin kewaye, amma kawai yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki E da juriya na ciki. r da kewaye I na madaidaicin tushen ƙarfin lantarki daidai da baturi. Idan ana amfani da juriya don ɗaukar nauyi, saita ƙarfin lantarki na tushen ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi daidai da E, juriya na ciki shine r, kuma juriya na ɗaukar nauyi shine R. Auna ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen juriya na kaya tare da ƙarfin lantarki mita, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi na sama a cikin Hoto 6. Duk da haka, a aikace, akwai juriya na gubar da kuma tsayayyar lamba (juriya na Uniform parasitic) a cikin kewaye. Madaidaicin zanen kewayawa wanda aka nuna a FIG. An nuna 3 a cikin adadi mai zuwa na FIG. 3. A aikace, babu makawa an gabatar da juriya na parasitic, ta yadda jimlar juriyar lodi ta zama babba, amma ma'aunin ƙarfin lantarki shine ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen ƙarshen lodin R, don haka an gabatar da kuskure.

 Hoto 3 Tsarin toshe ƙa'idar da ainihin madaidaicin zane na hanyar juriya

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da madogarar halin yanzu tare da I1 na yanzu a matsayin kaya, ana nuna zane-zane da kuma ainihin madaidaicin zane a cikin hoto na 7. E, I1 sune ma'auni na yau da kullum kuma r yana dawwama na wani lokaci.

Daga wannan tsari na sama, zamu iya ganin cewa wutar lantarki guda biyu na A da B suna dawwama, wato fitarwar wutar lantarkin batir ba ta da alaka da girman juriya a cikin madauki, kuma ba shakka babu wani abin yi. tare da juriya parasitic. Bugu da kari, yanayin ma'aunin tasha huɗu na iya samun ma'auni mafi inganci na ƙarfin fitarwar baturi.

Hoto 4 Zane na toshe kayan aiki da ainihin kwatancen da'irar da'irar nauyin tushen yau da kullun

Madogarar lokaci ɗaya ita ce na'urar samar da wutar lantarki wacce za ta iya samar da na yau da kullun ga kaya. Har yanzu yana iya kiyaye fitarwa na halin yanzu koyaushe lokacin da wutar lantarki ta waje ta canza kuma halayen impedance sun canza.

[Yanayin gwajin fitarwa]

Caji da kayan gwajin fitarwa gabaɗaya suna amfani da na'urar semiconductor azaman ɓangaren kwarara. Ta hanyar daidaita siginar sarrafawa na na'urar semiconductor, zai iya kwatanta nauyin nau'i daban-daban kamar na yau da kullum, matsa lamba da tsayin daka da sauransu. Yanayin gwajin fitar da batirin lithium-ion galibi ya haɗa da fitarwa na yau da kullun, fitarwar juriya akai-akai, fitar da wutar lantarki akai-akai, da sauransu. za a iya raba tazara tazara zuwa matsi na tsaka-tsaki da bugun bugun jini. Yayin gwajin fitarwa, baturin yana fitarwa bisa ga yanayin da aka saita, kuma yana daina fitarwa bayan isa ga sharuɗɗan da aka saita. Sharuɗɗan yanke fitarwa sun haɗa da saita yanke wutar lantarki, saita yanke lokaci, saita yankewar ƙarfin aiki, saita ƙarancin ƙarfin wutan lantarki, da sauransu. shine, canjin yanayin fitarwa kuma tsarin fitarwa yana shafar, gami da: fitarwa na yanzu, zazzabi mai fitarwa, ƙarfin ƙarewar fitarwa; m ko ci gaba da fitarwa. Girman fitarwa na halin yanzu, da sauri ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki yana raguwa; tare da zazzabin fitarwa, lanƙwan fitarwa yana canzawa a hankali.

(1) Fitarwa na yau da kullun

Lokacin da akai-akai a halin yanzu ana saita darajar halin yanzu, sa'an nan kuma darajar yanzu ta kai ta hanyar daidaita ma'aunin CNC akai-akai, ta yadda za a gane kullun halin yanzu na baturi. A lokaci guda, ana tattara ƙarshen canjin ƙarfin baturi don gano halayen fitarwa na baturin. Matsalolin da ke gudana akai-akai shine fitar da fitarwa iri ɗaya, amma ƙarfin baturi yana ci gaba da faɗuwa, don haka ƙarfin yana ci gaba da faɗuwa. Hoto na 5 shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki da na yanzu na ci gaba da fitar da batir lithium-ion a halin yanzu. Saboda yawan fitarwa na yanzu, ana iya jujjuya axis na lokaci zuwa iya aiki (samfurin na yanzu da lokaci) axis. Hoto na 5 yana nuna madaidaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin wutan lantarki a ci gaba da fitarwa na yanzu. Fitarwa na yau da kullun shine hanyar fitarwa da aka fi amfani da ita a gwajin batirin lithium-ion.

Hoto na 5 akai-akai na cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai da madaidaicin magudanar ruwa na yau da kullun a ƙimar ninkawa daban-daban

(2) Fitar da wutar lantarki akai-akai

Lokacin da madaurin wutar lantarki ya fita, ana saita ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki akai-akai da farko, kuma ana tattara ƙarfin fitarwar U na baturi. A cikin tsarin fitarwa, ana buƙatar P ya kasance akai-akai, amma U yana canzawa akai-akai, don haka ya zama dole a ci gaba da daidaita yanayin I na CNC akai-akai bisa ga dabara I = P / U don cimma manufar fitar da wutar lantarki akai-akai. . Riƙe wutar lantarki ba ta canzawa, saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baturin yana ci gaba da raguwa yayin aikin fitarwa, don haka halin yanzu a cikin kullun wutar lantarki yana ci gaba da tashi. Saboda yawan fitar da wutar lantarki akai-akai, ana samun sauƙin jujjuyawar axis na lokaci zuwa makamashi (samfurin iko da lokaci) daidaita axis.

Hoto 6 Cajin wutar daɗaɗɗen wuta da kuma fitar da masu lankwasa a mabambantan farashin ninki biyu

Kwatanta tsakanin magudanar ruwa na yau da kullum da fitar da wutar lantarki akai-akai

Hoto na 7: (a) jadawalin iya aiki da caji a ma'auni daban-daban; (b) lankwasa caji da fitarwa

 Hoto na 7 yana nuna sakamakon cajin rabo daban-daban da gwaje-gwajen fitarwa a cikin hanyoyin guda biyu na lithium iron phosphate baturi. Dangane da karfin iya aiki a FIG. 7 (a), tare da karuwar caji da fitarwa na halin yanzu a cikin yanayin halin yanzu, ainihin cajin baturi da ƙarfin fitarwa a hankali yana raguwa, amma kewayon canjin yana da ɗan ƙarami. Haƙiƙanin caji da iya fitarwa na baturi a hankali yana raguwa tare da haɓakar ƙarfi, kuma mafi girma mai ninka, saurin lalata ƙarfin. Ƙarfin fitarwa na 1 h ya yi ƙasa da yanayin gudana akai-akai. A lokaci guda, lokacin da adadin cajin ya kasance ƙasa da ƙimar 5 h, ƙarfin baturi ya fi girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun, yayin da ƙarfin baturi ya fi girma fiye da ƙimar 5 h ya fi girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin halin yanzu.

Daga adadi 7 (b) yana nuna ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin rabo, batirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate baturi biyu yanayin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, da cajewa da canjin yanayin lantarki ba shi da girma, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayin babban rabo, Yanayin wutar lantarki akai-akai na yanayin wutar lantarki akai-akai yana da tsayi sosai, kuma dandamalin cajin wutar lantarki ya ƙaru sosai, dandamalin fitarwa yana raguwa sosai.

(3) Fitar juriya akai-akai

Lokacin fitar da juriya akai-akai, ana saita ƙimar juriya akai-akai da farko don tattara ƙarfin fitarwa na baturi U. Yayin aikin fitarwa, ana buƙatar R ya kasance akai-akai, amma U yana canzawa koyaushe, don haka ƙimar I na yanzu na CNC akai-akai. Ya kamata a daidaita tushen tushe akai-akai bisa ga dabara I = U / R don cimma manufar fitowar juriya akai-akai. Wutar lantarki na baturi koyaushe yana raguwa a cikin tsarin fitarwa, kuma juriya iri ɗaya ne, don haka fitarwar halin yanzu I ma tsari ne na raguwa.

(4) Ci gaba da fitar da ruwa, fidda kai da bugun bugun jini

Ana fitar da baturin a cikin halin yanzu na yau da kullun, ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen ƙarfi da juriya akai-akai, yayin amfani da aikin lokaci don gane sarrafa ci gaba da fitarwa, fitarwa mai ɗan lokaci da bugun bugun jini. Hoto na 11 yana nuna masu lankwasa na yanzu da na'urorin lantarki na gwajin cajin bugun jini / fitarwa.

Hoto 8 Masu lankwasa na yanzu da na'urorin lantarki don gwajin cajin bugun jini na yau da kullun

[Bayanan da aka haɗa a cikin layin fitarwa]

Maɓallin cirewa yana nufin lanƙwan ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, ƙarfin aiki da sauran canje-canjen baturi akan lokaci yayin aikin fitarwa. Bayanan da ke ƙunshe a cikin cajin caji da fitarwa yana da wadata sosai, ciki har da iya aiki, makamashi, ƙarfin aiki da dandamali na lantarki, dangantaka tsakanin yuwuwar wutar lantarki da yanayin caji, da dai sauransu Babban bayanan da aka rubuta yayin gwajin fitarwa shine lokacin. juyin halitta na halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. Ana iya samun sigogi da yawa daga waɗannan mahimman bayanai. Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna da cikakken bayani game da sigogi waɗanda za a iya samu ta hanyar lanƙwan fitarwa.

(1) Wutar lantarki

A cikin gwajin fitar da batirin lithium ion, ma'aunin wutar lantarki galibi sun haɗa da dandamalin ƙarfin lantarki, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin yanke yanke, da sauransu. Tsarin ƙarfin lantarki shine ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki daidai lokacin da canjin ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta kuma canjin ƙarfin yana da girma. , wanda za a iya samu daga kololuwar darajar dQ/dV. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki shine madaidaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na rabin ƙarfin baturi. Don kayan da suka fi fitowa fili akan dandamali, kamar lithium iron phosphate da lithium titanate, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki shine ƙarfin dandali. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki shine ingantaccen yanki na ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki (watau ƙarfin fitar da baturi) wanda aka raba ta hanyar ƙididdigar ƙarfin aiki shine u = U (t) * I (t) dt / I (t) dt. Wutar da aka yanke tana nufin mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda lokacin da baturin ya fita. Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfin yanke-katsewar wutar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen baturin biyu zai ragu da sauri, yana haifar da fitarwa mai yawa. Fiye da caji na iya haifar da lalacewa ga abin da ke aiki na lantarki, rasa ikon amsawa, da rage rayuwar baturi. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a kashi na farko, wutar lantarki na baturi yana da alaƙa da yanayin cajin kayan cathode da yuwuwar wutar lantarki.

(2) Iyawa da takamaiman iya aiki

Ƙarfin baturi yana nufin adadin wutar lantarki da baturin ya fitar a ƙarƙashin wani tsarin fitarwa (ƙarƙashin wani ƙayyadadden halin yanzu I, zafin jiki na fitarwa T, ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki V), yana nuna ikon baturi don adana makamashi a Ah ko C. Ƙarfin yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, irin su fitarwa na halin yanzu, zafin jiki na fitarwa, da dai sauransu An ƙayyade girman ƙarfin ta yawan adadin abubuwa masu aiki a cikin ma'auni mai kyau da mara kyau.

Ƙarfin ka'idar: ƙarfin da aka ba da abu mai aiki a cikin amsawa.

Ƙarfin gaske: ainihin ƙarfin da aka saki ƙarƙashin wani tsarin fitarwa.

Ƙarfin ƙididdigewa: yana nufin ƙaramar adadin ƙarfin da baturi ke garantin ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin fitarwa.

A cikin gwajin fitarwa, ana ƙididdige ƙarfin ta hanyar haɗawa na yanzu a kan lokaci, watau C = I (t) dt, na yau da kullun a cikin fitarwa na yau da kullun, C = I (t) dt = I t; juriya R fitarwa, C = I (t) dt = (1 / R) * U (t) dt (1 / R) * fita (u shine matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa, t shine lokacin fitarwa).

Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi: Domin kwatanta batura daban-daban, an gabatar da manufar takamaiman iya aiki. Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iyawa yana nufin ƙarfin da kayan aiki mai aiki na ɓangaren naúrar ke bayarwa ko naúrar ƙarar naúrar, wanda ake kira ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin taro ko takamaiman ƙarfin. Hanyar lissafin da aka saba ita ce: ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi = ƙarfin fitarwa na farko / (yawan abu mai aiki * ƙimar amfani da kayan aiki)

Abubuwan da ke shafar ƙarfin baturi:

a. Fitar halin yanzu na baturi: mafi girma na yanzu, ƙarfin fitarwa yana raguwa;

b. Zazzagewar baturi: lokacin da zafin jiki ya ragu, ƙarfin fitarwa yana raguwa;

c. Wutar yanke-kashe wutar lantarki na baturi: lokacin fitarwa da kayan lantarki ya saita da iyakar amsawar lantarki da kanta gabaɗaya 3.0V ko 2.75V.

d. Lokacin caji da fitarwa na baturin: bayan caji da yawa da fitar da baturin, saboda gazawar kayan lantarki, baturin zai iya rage ƙarfin fitarwa na baturin.

e. Yanayin caji na baturin: ƙimar caji, zafin jiki, ƙarancin wutan lantarki yana shafar ƙarfin baturin, don haka ƙayyade ƙarfin fitarwa.

 Hanyar tantance ƙarfin baturi:

Masana'antu daban-daban suna da matakan gwaji daban-daban bisa ga yanayin aiki. Don batirin lithium-ion don samfuran 3C, bisa ga ma'auni na ƙasa GB / T18287-2000 Gabaɗaya Musamman don Batir Lithium-ion don Wayar salula, hanyar gwajin ƙarfin baturi shine kamar haka: a) caji: 0.2C5A caji; b) fitarwa: 0.2C5A fitarwa; c) zagaye biyar, wanda daya ya cancanta.

Don masana'antar motocin lantarki, bisa ga ma'auni na ƙasa GB / T 31486-2015 Bukatun Ayyukan Ayyukan Wutar Lantarki da Hanyoyin Gwaji don Batirin Wutar Lantarki don Motocin Lantarki, ƙimar ƙarfin baturi yana nufin ƙarfin (Ah) da baturi ya fitar a zazzabi na ɗaki. tare da 1I1 (A) fitarwa na yanzu don isa ga ƙarfin ƙarewa, wanda I1 shine 1 hour adadin fitarwa na yanzu, wanda darajarsa yayi daidai da C1 (A). Hanyar gwaji ita ce:

A) A cikin zafin jiki, dakatar da wutar lantarki akai-akai lokacin yin caji tare da caji akai-akai zuwa cajin ƙarewar da kamfani ya ƙayyade, kuma dakatar da cajin lokacin da cajin ƙarshe ya faɗi zuwa 0.05I1 (A), kuma riƙe caji don 1h bayan caji.

Bb) A cikin zafin jiki, baturin yana fitar da shi tare da 1I1 (A) na halin yanzu har sai fitarwa ya kai ga ƙarfin ƙarewar fitarwa da aka ƙayyade a cikin yanayin fasaha na kamfani;

C) iyawar fitarwa (wanda aka auna ta Ah), ƙididdige ƙayyadaddun kuzarin fitarwa (wanda aka auna ta Wh / kg);

3 d) Maimaita matakai a) -) c) sau 5. Lokacin da matsananciyar bambanci na gwaje-gwaje 3 a jere ya kasance ƙasa da 3% na ƙarfin ƙima, ana iya gama gwajin a gaba kuma ana iya ƙididdige sakamakon gwaje-gwaje 3 na ƙarshe.

(3) Jihar caji, SOC

SOC (State of Charge) yanayi ne na caji, yana wakiltar rabon ragowar ƙarfin baturin zuwa cikakken yanayin cajinsa bayan wani lokaci ko lokaci mai tsawo ƙarƙashin wani ƙimar fitarwa. Hanyar “budewar wutar lantarki + haɗewar sa’a” tana amfani da hanyar buɗe wutar lantarki don ƙididdige ƙarfin cajin baturi na farko, sannan kuma ta yi amfani da hanyar haɗin kai na sa’a don samun ƙarfin da a ke cinyewa. -hanyar haɗakar lokaci. Ikon da ake amfani da shi shine samfurin fitarwa na halin yanzu da lokacin fitarwa, kuma ragowar ƙarfin daidai yake da bambanci tsakanin ikon farko da ikon da ake cinyewa. Ƙimar lissafin SOC tsakanin buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki da haɗin sa'a guda shine:

Inda CN ke da ƙarfin ƙima; η shine ingancin caji; T shine zafin amfani da baturi; Ni ne halin yanzu baturi; t shine lokacin fitar da baturi.

DOD (zurfin zubar da ruwa) shine zurfin fitarwa, ma'auni na digiri na fitarwa, wanda shine yawan adadin fitarwa zuwa yawan fitarwa. Zurfin fitarwa yana da alaƙa mai girma tare da rayuwar baturi: zurfin zurfin zurfafawa, gajeriyar rayuwa. An ƙididdige dangantakar don SOC = 100% -DOD

4) Makamashi da takamaiman makamashi

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da baturi zai iya fitarwa ta hanyar yin aiki na waje a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi ana kiransa makamashin baturi, kuma ana bayyana naúrar gabaɗaya a cikin wh. A cikin madaidaicin fitarwa, ana lissafin makamashi kamar haka: W = U (t) * I (t) dt. A akai-akai fitarwa, W = I * U (t) dt = It * u (u shine matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa, t shine lokacin fitarwa)

a. Ka'idar makamashi

Tsarin fitarwa na baturi yana cikin yanayin ma'auni, kuma ƙarfin fitarwa yana kiyaye ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki (E), kuma ƙimar amfani da kayan aiki shine 100%. A karkashin wannan yanayin, ƙarfin fitarwa na baturi shine makamashi na ka'idar, wato, iyakar aikin da baturi mai juyawa ya yi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da matsa lamba.

b. Ainihin makamashi

Ainihin ƙarfin fitarwa na fitar da baturi ana kiransa ainihin makamashi, ƙa'idodin masana'antar abin hawa lantarki ("GB / T 31486-2015 Buƙatun Ayyukan Batir na Wutar Lantarki da Hanyoyin Gwaji don Motocin lantarki"), baturi a zafin jiki tare da 1I1 (A). ) fitarwa na yanzu, don isa ga makamashi (Wh) da aka fitar da wutar lantarki ta ƙare, wanda ake kira rated energy.

c. takamaiman makamashi

Ƙarfin da baturi ke bayarwa a kowace naúrar da kuma kowace juzu'in naúrar ana kiransa mas takamaiman makamashi ko ƙayyadaddun makamashi, wanda kuma ake kira ƙarfin kuzari. A cikin raka'a na wh / kg ko wh / L.

[Basic form of the drain curve]

Mafi mahimmancin nau'i na lanƙwan fitarwa shine lokacin ƙarfin lantarki da lokacin lanƙwasa na yanzu. Ta hanyar canji na lissafin lokaci axis, madaidaicin fitarwa na yau da kullun yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki (ƙayyadaddun iya aiki) madauri, ƙarfin lantarki-makamashi (takamaiman makamashi) kwana, ƙarfin lantarki-SOC da sauransu.

(1) Wutar lantarki-lokacin da na yanzu

Hoto 9 Matsakaicin lokacin ƙarfin wuta da na yanzu-lokaci

(2) Wutar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki

Hoto 10 Lanƙwan ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki

(3) Wutar lantarki-makamashi

Hoto na 11. Wutar lantarki-makamashi

[takardun magana]

• Wang Chao, et al. Kwatanta halin caji da fitarwa na dindindin na yau da kullun a cikin na'urorin adana makamashin lantarki [J]. Kimiyyar ajiyar makamashi da fasaha.2017(06):1313-1320.
• Eom KS, Joshi T, Bordes A, et al. Zane na cikakken batirin Li-ion ta amfani da nano silicon da nano Multi-Layer graphene composite anode[J]
• Guo Jipeng, et al. Kwatanta yanayin gwajin wutar lantarki akai-akai na batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate [J].storage baturi.2017(03):109-115
• Marinaro M, Yoon D, Gabrielli G, et al. Babban aikin 1.2 Ah Si-alloy/Graphite | samfurin LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Batirin Li-ion[J].Journal of Power Sources.2017(Kari C): 357-188.