Kayan busassun nau'ikan nau'ikan nazarin baturi na ajiyar makamashi da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen abu guda tara

Ajiye makamashi galibi yana nufin ajiyar makamashin lantarki. Adana makamashi wani lokaci ne a cikin tafkunan mai, wanda ke wakiltar ikon tafkin don adana mai da iskar gas. Ajiye makamashi da kansa ba fasaha ce mai tasowa ba, amma daga yanayin masana'antu, ya fito ne kawai kuma yana cikin ƙuruciyarsa.

Ya zuwa yanzu, kasar Sin ba ta kai matsayin da Amurka da Japan suka dauki ajiyar makamashi a matsayin masana'antu mai cin gashin kanta ba, tare da fitar da manufofin tallafi na musamman. Musamman ma idan babu tsarin biyan kuɗi don ajiyar makamashi, har yanzu samfurin kasuwanci na masana'antar ajiyar makamashi bai yi tasiri ba.

Ana amfani da batirin gubar-acid a aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na baturi mai ƙarfi, musamman don samar da wutar lantarki na gaggawa, motocin baturi, da rarar makamashin wutar lantarki. Hakanan za ta iya amfani da busassun batura masu caji a lokuta marasa ƙarfi, kamar batirin nickel-metal hydride baturi, batirin lithium-ion, da sauransu.

1. Baturin acid-Lead

babban fa'ida:

1. Ana samun albarkatun ƙasa a shirye, kuma farashin yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi;
2. Kyakkyawan aikin fitarwa mai girma;
3. Kyakkyawan yanayin zafin jiki, na iya aiki a cikin yanayin -40 ~ + 60 ℃;
4. Ya dace da caji mai iyo, tsawon rayuwar sabis, kuma babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya;
5. Batura masu amfani suna da sauƙin sake yin fa'ida, masu dacewa don kare muhalli.

Babban rashin amfani:

1. Ƙananan ƙayyadaddun makamashi, gabaɗaya 30-40Wh/kg;
2. Rayuwar sabis ba ta da kyau kamar ta batir Cd/Ni;
3. Tsarin masana'anta yana da sauƙi don gurbata yanayi kuma dole ne a sanye shi da kayan aikin sharar gida uku.
4. Ni-MH baturi

babban fa'ida:

1. Idan aka kwatanta da baturan gubar-acid, ƙarfin makamashi yana inganta sosai, nauyin makamashi mai nauyi shine 65Wh / kg, kuma ƙarar ƙarfin ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa da 200Wh / L;
2. Babban ƙarfin ƙarfi, na iya caji da fitarwa tare da babban halin yanzu;
3. Kyakkyawan halayen fitarwa na ƙananan zafin jiki;
4. Rayuwar zagayowar (har zuwa sau 1000);
5. Kariyar muhalli kuma babu gurbatar yanayi;
6. Fasahar ta fi girma fiye da batir lithium-ion.

Babban rashin amfani:

1. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na aiki na yau da kullun shine -15 ~ 40 ℃, kuma babban aikin zafin jiki ba shi da kyau;
2. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana da ƙananan, ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki shine 1.0 ~ 1.4V;
3. Farashin ya fi batirin gubar-acid da batir hydride nickel-metal, amma aikin ya fi na batir lithium-ion muni.
4. Lithium-ion baturi

babban fa'ida:

1. Babban takamaiman makamashi;
2. Babban dandalin wutar lantarki;
3. Kyakkyawan aikin sake zagayowar;
4. Babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya;
5. Kariyar muhalli, babu gurbacewa; a halin yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙarfin batura masu ƙarfin abin hawa.
6. Super capacitors

babban fa'ida:

1. Babban ƙarfin ƙarfi;
2. Shortan lokacin caji.

Babban rashin amfani:

Yawan makamashi yana da ƙasa, kawai 1-10Wh/kg, kuma kewayon tafiye-tafiye na supercapacitors ya yi guntu don amfani da shi azaman tushen wutar lantarki na motocin lantarki.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na ajiyar makamashin baturi (nau'i na tara na nazarin baturin ajiyar makamashi)

5. Kwayoyin mai

babban fa'ida:

1. Babban takamaiman makamashi da nisan tuƙi;
2. Babban ƙarfin ƙarfi, na iya caji da fitarwa tare da babban halin yanzu;
3. Kariyar muhalli, babu gurbacewa.

Babban rashin amfani:

1. Tsarin yana da rikitarwa, kuma balagaggen fasaha ba shi da kyau;
2. Gina tsarin samar da hydrogen ya ragu;
3. Akwai manyan buƙatu don sulfur dioxide a cikin iska. Saboda tsananin gurbacewar iska a cikin gida, motocin dakon mai na cikin gida suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa.
4. Sodium-sulfur baturi

riba:

1. Ƙarfin ƙayyadaddun makamashi (ma'anar 760wh / kg; ainihin 390wh / kg);
2. Babban iko (yawancin fitarwa na yanzu zai iya kaiwa 200 ~ 300mA / cm2);
3. Saurin caji mai sauri (cikakkun mintuna 30);
4. Dogon rayuwa (shekaru 15; ko sau 2500 zuwa 4500);
5. Babu gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, wanda za'a iya sake yin amfani da shi (Na, S ƙimar dawowa ya kusan 100%); 6. Babu wani abin da ya faru na fitar da kai, yawan canjin makamashi mai girma;

kasa:

1. Yanayin aiki yana da girma, zafin aiki yana tsakanin digiri 300 zuwa 350, kuma baturin yana buƙatar wani adadin dumama da adana zafi lokacin aiki, kuma farawa yana jinkirin;
2. Farashin yana da girma, yuan 10,000 a kowace digiri;
3. Rashin tsaro.

Bakwai, baturi mai gudana (batir vanadium)

amfani:

1. Amintaccen fitarwa mai zurfi;
2. Babban sikelin, girman tankin ajiya mara iyaka;
3. Akwai gagarumin caji da adadin fitarwa;
4. Dogon rayuwa da babban abin dogaro;
5. Babu fitarwa, ƙaramar amo;
6. Yin caji da sauri da sauyawar caji, kawai 0.02 seconds;
7. Zaɓin rukunin yanar gizon baya ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa na yanki.

kasawa:

1. Girke-girke na tabbatacce da korau electrolytes;
2. Wasu suna amfani da membranes na musayar ion mai tsada;
3. Hanyoyin guda biyu suna da girma mai girma da ƙananan makamashi na musamman;
4. Canjin canjin makamashi ba shi da yawa.
5. Lithium-air baturi

Aibi mai kisa:

Samfurin mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, lithium oxide (Li2O), yana taruwa akan ingantacciyar wutar lantarki, yana toshe hulɗa tsakanin electrolyte da iska, yana haifar da dakatarwa. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa baturan lithium-air suna da aikin baturan lithium-ion sau goma kuma suna samar da makamashi iri ɗaya da man fetur. Batirin lithium-air yana cajin iskar oxygen daga iska ta yadda batura zasu iya zama ƙanana da haske. Yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje a duk duniya suna binciken wannan fasaha, amma yana iya ɗaukar shekaru goma don cimma kasuwancin idan ba a sami ci gaba ba.

9. Lithium-sulfur baturi

(Batir lithium-sulfur tsarin ajiya ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi)

amfani:

1. Babban ƙarfin makamashi, ƙimar makamashi na ka'idar zai iya kaiwa 2600Wh / kg;
2. Ƙananan farashin albarkatun kasa;
3. Ƙananan amfani da makamashi;
4. Ƙananan guba.

Kodayake binciken batirin lithium-sulfur ya wuce shekaru da yawa kuma an samu nasarori da yawa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba daga aikace-aikace na zahiri.