Kwayoyin hasken rana masu bakin ciki?

Kwayoyin hasken rana masu bakin ciki?

Ƙwayoyin ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa sun inganta: 2D perovskite mahadi suna da kayan da suka dace don kalubalanci samfurori masu girma.

Injiniyoyi a Jami'ar Rice sun sami sabbin ma'auni a cikin kera ƙwayoyin siraran ƙwayoyin atom ɗin da aka yi da perovskites na semiconductor, suna haɓaka haɓakarsu yayin da suke riƙe da ikon jure yanayin.

dakin gwaje-gwaje na Aditya Mohite na Makarantar Injiniya ta Jami'ar Rice ta George R Brown ta gano cewa hasken rana yana raguwa tsakanin nau'in atomic Layer a cikin perovskite mai nau'i biyu, wanda ya isa ya haɓaka ingancin kayan aikin da kusan 18%, wanda shine ci gaba akai-akai. . An sami babban tsalle a filin kuma an auna cikin kashi.

"A cikin shekaru 10, ingancin perovskite ya tashi daga kusan 3% zuwa fiye da 25%," in ji Mohite. "Sauran semiconductors za su ɗauki kimanin shekaru 60 kafin a cimma su. Shi ya sa muke farin ciki sosai."

Perovskite wani fili ne tare da lattice mai siffar sukari kuma yana da ingantaccen mai tattara haske. An san yuwuwar su shekaru da yawa, amma suna da matsala: Suna iya canza hasken rana zuwa makamashi, amma hasken rana da danshi na iya lalata su.

Mohite, mataimakin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai da injiniyoyin halittu da kimiyyar kayan aiki da nanoengineering ya ce "ana sa ran fasahar salular hasken rana za ta dau shekaru 20 zuwa 25." "Mun kasance muna aiki shekaru da yawa kuma muna ci gaba da yin amfani da manyan perovskites waɗanda ke da tasiri sosai amma ba su da kwanciyar hankali. Sabanin haka, nau'i-nau'i biyu na perovskites suna da kyakkyawar kwanciyar hankali amma ba su da isasshen isa a sanya su a kan rufin.

"Babban matsalar ita ce a samar da su da inganci ba tare da kawo cikas ga kwanciyar hankali ba."
Injiniyoyin Rice da abokan aikinsu daga Jami'ar Purdue da Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma, Los Alamos, Argonne da Brookhaven na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka, da Cibiyar Lantarki da Fasaha ta Dijital (INSA) da ke Rennes, Faransa, da abokan aikinsu sun gano cewa. wasu nau'ikan perovskites masu girma biyu, hasken rana yadda ya kamata yana rage sararin samaniya tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, yana kara karfinsu na daukar wutar lantarki.

"Mun gano cewa lokacin da kuka kunna kayan, kuna matse shi kamar soso kuma ku tattara yadudduka tare don haɓaka cajin caji ta wannan hanyar," in ji Mocht. Masu binciken sun gano cewa sanya wani Layer na cations na kwayoyin halitta tsakanin iodide a saman da gubar a kasa na iya inganta hulɗar tsakanin sassan.

Mocht ya ce "Wannan aikin yana da matukar mahimmanci ga nazarin jihohi masu jin dadi da kuma quasiparticles, inda wani nau'i na caji mai kyau ya kasance akan ɗayan, kuma mummunan cajin yana kan ɗayan, kuma suna iya magana da juna," in ji Mocht. "Waɗannan ana kiran su exciton, kuma suna iya samun kaddarori na musamman.

"Wannan tasirin yana ba mu damar fahimta da daidaita waɗannan mahimman abubuwan hulɗar haske ba tare da ƙirƙirar ƙayyadaddun tsarin heterostructures irin su stacked 2D canji karfe dichalcogenides," in ji shi.

Abokan aiki a Faransa sun tabbatar da gwajin tare da samfurin kwamfuta. Jacky Even, Farfesa na Physics a INSA, ya ce: "Wannan binciken yana ba da dama ta musamman don haɗa fasahar simulation na ab initio mafi ci gaba, bincike na kayan aiki ta amfani da manyan kayan aikin synchrotron na kasa, da kuma halin da ake ciki na ƙwayoyin rana a cikin aiki. Haɗa. ." "Wannan takarda ta bayyana a karon farko yadda abin da ya faru na seepage ba zato ba tsammani ya saki cajin halin yanzu a cikin kayan perovskite."

Dukansu sakamakon sun nuna cewa bayan mintuna 10 na fallasa zuwa na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana a ƙarfin hasken rana, perovskite mai girma biyu yana raguwa da 0.4% tare da tsayinsa kuma kusan 1% daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Sun tabbatar da cewa za a iya ganin tasirin a cikin minti 1 a ƙarƙashin tsananin rana biyar.

"Ba ya yi kama da yawa, amma raguwar 1% na tazarar lattice zai haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin kwararar lantarki," in ji Li Wenbin, dalibin da ya kammala karatun digiri a Rice kuma marubucin jagora. "Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa sarrafa kayan lantarki na kayan ya karu sau uku."

A lokaci guda kuma, yanayin ƙaƙƙarfan kristal yana sa kayan su yi tsayayya da lalacewa, ko da lokacin zafi zuwa digiri 80 Celsius (digiri 176 Fahrenheit). Masu binciken sun kuma gano cewa lattice ɗin yana saurin sassautawa zuwa daidaitaccen tsarin sa da zarar an kashe fitilu.

"Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na 2D perovskites shine cewa yawanci suna da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke aiki azaman shinge mai zafi, suna da kwanciyar hankali, kuma suna magance matsalolin ƙaura," in ji ɗalibin da ya kammala karatun digiri kuma marubucin haɗin gwiwar Siraj Sidhik. "3D perovskites suna da wuyar samun zafi da rashin kwanciyar hankali, don haka masu bincike sun fara sanya 2D yadudduka a saman manyan perovskites don ganin ko za su iya yin amfani da su duka.

"Muna tunanin, bari mu canza zuwa 2D kawai mu sanya shi mai inganci," in ji shi.

Don lura da raguwar kayan, ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wuraren masu amfani guda biyu na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) Ofishin Kimiyya: National Synchrotron Light Source II na Brookhaven National Laboratory na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka da Advanced Laboratory Jiha Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta Argonne National Laboratory. Photon Source (APS) Laboratory.

Masanin ilimin lissafin Argonne Joe Strzalka, marubucin marubucin, yana amfani da hasken X-ray na APS don kama ƙananan canje-canjen tsarin kayan a cikin ainihin lokaci. Kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a 8-ID-E na APS beamline yana ba da izinin nazarin "aiki", wanda ke nufin binciken da aka gudanar lokacin da kayan aiki suka sami canje-canje masu sarrafawa a yanayin zafi ko yanayi a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullum. A wannan yanayin, Strzalka da abokan aikinsa sun fallasa abubuwan da ke cikin hasken rana zuwa hasken rana da aka kwaikwayi yayin da suke kiyaye yanayin zafi da kuma lura da ƙananan ƙanƙanta a matakin atomic.

A matsayin gwaji na sarrafawa, Strzalka da mawallafinsa sun sanya ɗakin duhu, ƙara yawan zafin jiki, kuma sun lura da akasin tasirin - fadada kayan aiki. Wannan yana nuna cewa hasken da kansa, ba zafin da yake haifarwa ba ne ya haifar da sauyi.

"Don irin waɗannan canje-canje, yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da bincike na aiki," in ji Strzalka. "Kamar yadda makanikin ku ke son sarrafa injin ku don ganin abin da ke faruwa a cikinsa, mu da gaske muna son ɗaukar bidiyon wannan canjin, ba hoto ɗaya ba. Kamfanoni irin su APS suna ba mu damar yin hakan."

Strzalka ya yi nuni da cewa APS na samun gagarumin ci gaba don kara hasken hasken X-ray dinsa har sau 500. Ya ce idan aka kammala shi, haske mai haske da sauri, na'urori masu kaifi za su kara karfin masana kimiyya don gano wadannan canje-canje tare da hankali sosai.

Wannan na iya taimakawa ƙungiyar Rice daidaita kayan don ingantaccen aiki. "Muna kera cations da mu'amala don cimma ingantattun ayyuka sama da 20%," in ji Sidhik. "Wannan zai canza duk abin da ke cikin filin perovskite saboda a lokacin mutane za su fara amfani da 2D perovskite don 2D perovskite / silicon da 2D / 3D perovskite jerin, wanda zai iya kawo yadda ya dace kusa da 30%. Wannan zai sa kasuwancinsa ya zama mai ban sha'awa."