Ka'idar 3.7V lithium baturi kariyar allo-bincike na farko da ƙarfin lantarki matsayin baturi lithium

Faɗin amfani da batura

Manufar haɓaka fasaha mai girma shine don sanya ta inganta rayuwar ɗan adam. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1990, batir lithium-ion sun ƙaru saboda kyakkyawan aikinsu kuma an yi amfani da su sosai a cikin al'umma. Batirin Lithium-ion cikin sauri ya mamaye fagage da yawa tare da fa'idodi mara misaltuwa fiye da sauran batura, kamar su sanannun wayoyin hannu, kwamfutoci na rubutu, ƙananan kyamarori na bidiyo, da sauransu. Yawancin ƙasashe suna amfani da wannan baturi don dalilai na soja. Aikace-aikacen yana nuna cewa baturin lithium-ion shine kyakkyawan ƙaramin tushen wutar lantarki.

Na biyu, manyan abubuwan da ke cikin batir lithium-ion

(1) Murfin batir

(2) Kyakkyawan abu mai aiki da lantarki shine lithium cobalt oxide

(3) Diaphragm-wani nau'in membrane na musamman

(4) Wutar lantarki mara kyau - abu mai aiki shine carbon

(5) Organic electrolyte

(6) Harkar baturi

Na uku, ingantaccen aikin batir lithium-ion

(1) Babban ƙarfin aiki

(2) Mafi girma takamaiman makamashi

(3) Rayuwa mai tsayi

(4)Rashin fitar da kai

(5) Babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwa

(6) Babu gurbatawa

Hudu, nau'in baturi na lithium da zaɓin iya aiki

Da farko, ƙididdige ci gaba da halin yanzu wanda baturi ke buƙatar bayarwa bisa ƙarfin injin ku (yana buƙatar ainihin iko, kuma gabaɗaya, saurin hawan ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen ƙarfin gaske). Alal misali, a ce injin yana da ci gaba na 20a (motar 1000w a 48v). A wannan yanayin, baturin yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki na 20a na dogon lokaci. Hawan zafin jiki ba shi da zurfi (ko da zafin jiki yana da digiri 35 a waje a lokacin rani, zafin baturi ya fi dacewa da sarrafa ƙasa da digiri 50). Bugu da kari, idan halin yanzu yana 20a a 48v, yawan matsi ya ninka (96v, kamar CPU 3), kuma ci gaba na yanzu zai kai kusan 50a. Idan kuna son amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na dogon lokaci, da fatan za a zaɓi baturi wanda zai iya ci gaba da samar da 50a halin yanzu (har yanzu ku kula da hauhawar zafin jiki). Ci gaba da guguwar a nan ba ƙarfin fitar da baturi ba ne na ɗan kasuwa. Dan kasuwan ya yi iƙirarin cewa ƴan C (ko ɗaruruwan amperes) shine ƙarfin fitarwar baturi, kuma idan aka saki shi a wannan halin yanzu, baturin zai haifar da zafi mai tsanani. Idan zafin ba ya da kyau sosai, rayuwar baturi za ta kasance takaice. (Haka kuma yanayin batirin motocin mu masu amfani da wutar lantarki shi ne, batir ɗin suna tarawa ana fitar da su. Ainihin, babu wani gibi da ya rage, kuma marufin yana da ƙarfi sosai, balle yadda za a tilasta sanyaya iska ya watsar da zafi). Yanayin amfaninmu yana da tsauri sosai. Ana buƙatar ɓata lokacin fitar da baturi don amfani. Ƙimar ƙarfin fitar da baturi na yanzu shine don ganin nawa daidaitaccen zafin baturi a wannan halin yanzu.

Ka'ida ɗaya da aka tattauna anan ita ce hauhawar zafin baturi yayin amfani (mafi yawan zafin jiki shine maƙiyin rayuwar baturi na lithium). Zai fi kyau a sarrafa zafin baturin ƙasa da digiri 50. (tsakanin digiri 20-30 shine mafi kyau). Wannan kuma yana nufin cewa idan batirin lithium nau'in iya aiki ne (wanda aka fitar a ƙasa da 0.5C), ci gaba da fitarwa na yanzu na 20a yana buƙatar ƙarfin fiye da 40ah (ba shakka, abu mafi mahimmanci ya dogara da juriya na ciki na baturi). Idan baturin lithium irin na wuta ne, al'ada ce a ci gaba da fitarwa bisa ga 1C. Ko da batirin lithium na A123 ultra-low na ciki na juriya yawanci shine mafi kyawun cirewa a 1C (ba fiye da 2C ya fi kyau ba, za a iya amfani da fitarwa na 2C na rabin sa'a kawai, kuma ba shi da amfani sosai). Zaɓin iya aiki ya dogara da girman wurin ajiyar mota, kasafin kuɗi na sirri, da kuma abubuwan da ake tsammani na ayyukan mota. (Ƙaramin iyawa gabaɗaya yana buƙatar baturin lithium nau'in wuta)

5. Nunawa da haɗuwa da batura

Babban haramcin amfani da batir lithium a jeri shine rashin daidaituwa mai tsanani na fitar da baturi. Matukar dai kowa bai daidaita ba, ba komai. Matsalar ita ce, wannan jihar ba ta da kwanciyar hankali. Baturi mai kyau yana da ƙaramin fitar da kansa, mummunan guguwa yana da babban fitarwa, kuma yanayin da fitar da kansa ba ƙanƙanta ba ne ko a'a yana canzawa gaba ɗaya daga mai kyau zuwa mara kyau. Jiha, wannan tsari ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Don haka, ya zama dole a tace batir tare da babban fitar da kai kuma a bar batir kawai tare da ƙananan fitar da kai (yawanci, fitar da samfuran da suka cancanta kaɗan ne, kuma masana'anta sun auna shi, kuma matsalar ita ce. yawancin samfuran da ba su cancanta ba suna kwarara cikin kasuwa).

Dangane da ƙaramin fitar da kai, zaɓi jerin masu irin wannan ƙarfin. Ko da ƙarfin ba iri ɗaya ba ne, ba zai shafi rayuwar batir ba, amma zai shafi ikon aiki na fakitin baturi gaba ɗaya. Misali, baturi 15 yana da karfin 20ah, kuma baturi daya ne kawai 18ah, don haka yawan karfin wannan rukunin na batir zai iya zama 18ah kawai. A ƙarshen amfani, baturin zai mutu, kuma za a kiyaye allon kariya. Har yanzu wutar lantarkin gabaɗayan baturi yana da ƙarfi (saboda ƙarfin ƙarfin sauran batura 15 daidai ne, kuma har yanzu akwai wutar lantarki). Don haka, ƙarfin kariyar fitarwa na duka fakitin baturi zai iya sanin ko ƙarfin fakitin baturi iri ɗaya ne (idan har kowane tantanin baturi dole ne ya cika lokacin da fakitin baturi ya cika). A taƙaice, ƙarfin da ba ya daidaita ba zai shafi rayuwar baturi ba amma yana rinjayar duk ikon ƙungiyar, don haka gwada zaɓin taro mai irin wannan digiri.

Batirin da aka haɗa dole ne ya sami kyakkyawar juriya ta ohmic tsakanin wayoyin lantarki. Ƙananan juriya na lamba tsakanin waya da lantarki, mafi kyau; in ba haka ba, lantarki mai mahimmancin juriya na lamba zai yi zafi. Wannan zafi za a canja shi zuwa cikin baturin tare da lantarki kuma ya shafi rayuwar baturi. Tabbas, bayyanuwar juriya mai girma ta taro shine mahimmin juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki na fakitin baturi a ƙarƙashin wannan fitarwa na yanzu. (Sashe na raguwar ƙarfin lantarki shine juriya na ciki na tantanin halitta, kuma sashi shine juriyar lamba da juriyar waya)

Shida, zaɓin hukumar karewa da caji da fitarwa abubuwan amfani

(Data ne don lithium iron phosphate baturi, ka'idar baturi 3.7v na yau da kullun iri ɗaya ne, amma bayanin ya bambanta)

Manufar hukumar kariyar ita ce don kare baturin daga yin caji da yawa da kuma fitar da ruwa mai yawa, hana haɓakar wutar lantarki daga lalata guguwa da daidaita wutar lantarki lokacin da baturin ya cika (ƙarar daidaitawa gabaɗaya kaɗan ne, don haka idan akwai allon kariyar baturi mai fitar da kai, yana da ban mamaki Yana da ƙalubale don daidaitawa, kuma akwai kuma allunan kariya waɗanda ke daidaitawa a kowace jiha, wato, ana biyan diyya daga farkon caji, wanda da alama ba kasafai bane).

Don rayuwar fakitin baturi, ana ba da shawarar cewa ƙarfin cajin baturi kada ya wuce 3.6v a kowane lokaci, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙarfin aikin kariya na kwamitin kariya bai wuce 3.6v ba, kuma ana ba da shawarar daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance. 3.4v-3.5v (kowace tantanin halitta 3.4v an caje fiye da 99 % Baturi, yana nufin a tsaye yanayin, ƙarfin lantarki zai karu lokacin caji tare da babban halin yanzu). Wutar kariyar fitar da baturi gabaɗaya yana sama da 2.5v (sama da 2v ba babbar matsala ba ce, gabaɗaya akwai ƙaramin damar amfani da shi gabaɗaya daga wuta, don haka wannan buƙatar ba ta da girma).

Matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka ba da shawarar caja (matakin ƙarshe na caji zai iya zama mafi girman yanayin cajin wutar lantarki) shine 3.5*, adadin kirtani, kamar kusan 56v don layuka 16. Yawancin lokaci, ana iya yanke caji a matsakaita na 3.4v akan kowane tantanin halitta (aiki cikakke) don tabbatar da rayuwar baturi. Duk da haka, saboda hukumar kariyar ba ta fara daidaitawa ba idan baturin baturi yana da babban zubar da kai, zai kasance a matsayin rukuni na tsawon lokaci; iya aiki a hankali yana raguwa. Don haka, wajibi ne a yi cajin kowane baturi akai-akai zuwa 3.5v-3.6v (kamar kowane mako) kuma a ajiye shi na ƴan sa'o'i (idan dai matsakaicin ya fi ƙarfin farawa daidaitawa), mafi girman fitar da kai. , tsawon lokacin daidaitawa zai ɗauka. Fitar da kai Manyan batura suna da wahalar daidaitawa kuma suna buƙatar kawar da su. Don haka lokacin zabar allon kariya, yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar kariyar wuce gona da iri na 3.6v kuma fara daidaitawa a kusa da 3.5v. (Yawancin kariyar overvoltage akan kasuwa yana sama da 3.8v, kuma an ƙirƙiri ma'auni sama da 3.6v). Zaɓin madaidaicin madaidaicin farawa mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci fiye da ƙarfin kariya saboda ana iya daidaita matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar daidaita matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin caja (wato, allon kariya yawanci ba shi da damar yin babban kariyar wutar lantarki). Duk da haka, a ce madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki yana da girma. A wannan yanayin, fakitin baturi ba shi da damar daidaitawa (sai dai in cajin wutar lantarki ya fi ƙarfin ma'auni, amma wannan yana rinjayar rayuwar batir), tantanin halitta zai ragu a hankali saboda ƙarfin fitar da kai (mafi kyawun tantanin halitta tare da fitar da kai na 0 ba ya wanzu).

Ci gaba da fitarwa na yanzu ikon hukumar karewa. Wannan shi ne mafi munin abin da za a yi sharhi akai. Domin a halin yanzu iyakance ikon hukumar kariya ba shi da ma'ana. Misali, idan kun bar bututun 75nf75 ya ci gaba da wuce 50a halin yanzu (a wannan lokacin, ƙarfin dumama yana kusan 30w, aƙalla 60w guda biyu a cikin jerin tare da allon tashar tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya), idan dai akwai magudanar zafi wanda ya isa ya watse. zafi, babu matsala. Ana iya ajiye shi a 50a ko ma sama da haka ba tare da ƙone bututu ba. Amma ba za ku iya cewa wannan allon kariya zai iya wuce 50a current saboda yawancin bangarorin kariya na kowa ana sanya su a cikin akwatin baturi kusa da baturi ko ma kusa. Saboda haka, irin wannan babban zafin jiki zai zafi baturin kuma yayi zafi. Matsalar ita ce yawan zafin jiki shine maƙiyin haɗari na hadari.

Sabili da haka, yanayin amfani da hukumar kariyar yana ƙayyade yadda za a zabi iyaka na yanzu (ba ƙarfin halin yanzu na hukumar kariyar kanta ba). A ce an fitar da allon kariya daga akwatin baturi. A wannan yanayin, kusan kowane katako na kariya tare da kwandon zafi zai iya ɗaukar ci gaba na halin yanzu na 50a ko ma mafi girma (a wannan lokacin, kawai ana la'akari da ƙarfin hukumar kariya, kuma babu buƙatar damuwa game da hawan zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga lalacewa. baturi). Bayan haka, marubucin yayi magana game da yanayin da kowa yakan yi amfani da shi, a cikin keɓance wuri ɗaya da baturi. A wannan lokacin, matsakaicin ƙarfin dumama na hukumar karewa yana da mafi kyawun sarrafawa a ƙasa da 10w (idan ƙaramin allon kariya ne, yana buƙatar 5w ko ƙasa da haka, kuma babban katako mai girma zai iya zama fiye da 10w saboda yana da kyakkyawan zubar da zafi. kuma yanayin zafi ba zai yi yawa ba). Game da nawa ya dace, ana bada shawarar ci gaba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na dukkan allo baya wuce digiri 60 lokacin da ake amfani da halin yanzu (digiri 50 shine mafi kyau). A ka'ida, ƙananan zafin jiki na hukumar karewa, mafi kyau, kuma ƙananan zai shafi sel.

Domin an haɗa tashar tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya a jere tare da cajin mos na lantarki, masu samar da zafi na wannan yanayin ya ninka na tashar tashar jiragen ruwa daban-daban. Don tsarar zafi guda ɗaya, adadin bututun kawai ya ninka sau huɗu (a ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙirar mos iri ɗaya). Bari mu lissafta, idan 50a ci gaba na halin yanzu, to mos na ciki juriya ne biyu milliohms (5 75nf75 tubes ake bukata domin samun wannan daidai na ciki juriya), da dumama ikon ne 50*50*0.002=5w. A wannan lokacin, yana yiwuwa (a gaskiya ma, ƙarfin halin yanzu na 2 milliohms juriya na ciki ya fi 100a, ba matsala, amma zafi yana da girma). Idan shi ne guda tashar jirgin ruwa jirgin, 4 2 milliohm ciki juriya mos ake bukata (kowace guda biyu a layi daya juriya na ciki ne daya milliohm, sa'an nan kuma haɗa a cikin jerin, jimlar ciki juriya daidai da 2 miliyan 75 tubes ana amfani da, jimlar adadin ne. 20). A ce ci gaba na 100a yana ba da damar dumama ikon zama 10w. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar layi tare da juriya na ciki na 1 milliohm (ba shakka, ana iya samun daidaitattun juriya na ciki ta hanyar haɗin MOS). Idan adadin mashigai daban-daban har yanzu yana da sau huɗu, idan 100a ci gaba na yanzu yana ba da damar matsakaicin ƙarfin zafi na 5w, to kawai 0.5 milliohm tube za a iya amfani da shi, wanda ke buƙatar sau huɗu adadin mos idan aka kwatanta da 50a ci gaba na yanzu don samar da iri ɗaya. yawan zafi). Sabili da haka, lokacin amfani da allon kariyar, zaɓi allo tare da juriya na ciki mara kyau don rage zafin jiki. Idan an ƙaddara juriya na ciki, da fatan za a bar allon da zafi na waje su ɓata mafi kyau. Zaɓi allon kariya kuma kada ku saurari ci gaba da ƙarfin mai siyarwar. Kawai tambayi jimlar juriya na ciki na da'irar fitarwa na hukumar karewa kuma ku lissafta shi da kanku (tambayi nau'in bututu da ake amfani da shi, nawa ake amfani da shi, kuma bincika lissafin juriya na ciki da kanku). Marubucin yana jin cewa idan an fitar da shi a ƙarƙashin madaidaicin ci gaba mai ci gaba da mai siyarwa, zafin zafin hukumar ya kamata ya yi girma. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a zaɓi allon kariya tare da derating. (Ka ce 50a ci gaba, za ka iya amfani da 30a, kana bukatar 50a akai-akai, yana da kyau a saya 80a nominal ci gaba). Ga masu amfani waɗanda ke amfani da CPU na 48v, ana ba da shawarar cewa jimlar juriyar ciki na allon kariyar bai wuce miliyan biyu ba.

Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin allunan tashar jiragen ruwa guda da na tashar jiragen ruwa daban-daban: allon tashar guda ɗaya layin ɗaya ne don caji da fitarwa, kuma duka caji da fitarwa ana kiyaye su.

Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa daban-daban ta kasance mai zaman kanta daga layukan caji da caji. Cajin tashar jiragen ruwa yana kare kariya daga wuce gona da iri lokacin caji kuma baya karewa idan an cire shi daga tashar caji (amma yana iya fitarwa gaba daya, amma ƙarfin cajin tashar yana da ɗan ƙaranci). Tashar tashar fitarwa tana karewa daga yawan zubar da ruwa yayin fitarwa. Idan caji daga tashar fitarwa, ba a rufe fiye da caji (don haka cajin CPU gaba ɗaya ana amfani dashi don allon tashar jiragen ruwa daban-daban. Kuma cajin baya ya fi ƙarfin kuzarin da ake amfani da shi, don haka kada ku damu da yin cajin cajin da yawa. Batir saboda reverse charging, sai dai idan kun fita tare da cikakken biya, yana da 'yan kilomita kaɗan nan da nan. daga tashar fitarwa, sai dai idan kuna lura da wutar lantarki akai-akai (kamar cajin gaggawa na wucin gadi a gefen hanya, za ku iya amincewa daga tashar fitarwa, kuma ku ci gaba da hawa ba tare da cikakken caji ba, kada ku damu da cajin da yawa)

Yi ƙididdige madaidaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na motar ku, zaɓi baturi tare da madaidaicin iya aiki ko iko wanda zai iya saduwa da wannan dindindin na halin yanzu, kuma ana sarrafa hawan zafin jiki. Juriya na ciki na allon kariya yana da ƙananan kamar yadda zai yiwu. Kariyar da ake yi na hukumar karewa kawai tana buƙatar kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa da sauran kariyar amfani mara kyau (kada ku yi ƙoƙarin iyakance halin yanzu da mai sarrafawa ko motar ke buƙata ta hanyar iyakance daftarin hukumar kariya). Domin idan injin ku yana buƙatar 50a current, ba ku amfani da allon kariya don tantance 40a na yanzu, wanda zai haifar da kariya akai-akai. Rashin wutar lantarki kwatsam na mai sarrafawa zai lalata mai sarrafawa cikin sauƙi.

Bakwai, ƙididdigar ma'aunin ƙarfin lantarki na batir lithium-ion

(1) Buɗe wutan lantarki: yana nufin ƙarfin baturi na lithium-ion a yanayin da ba ya aiki. A wannan lokacin, babu wani ruwa mai gudana. Lokacin da baturi ya cika, babban bambanci tsakanin ingantattun na'urorin lantarki na baturin yawanci yana kusa da 3.7V, kuma babba zai iya kaiwa 3.8V;

(2) Daidai da buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki shine ƙarfin aiki, wato ƙarfin baturi na lithium-ion a cikin yanayin aiki. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar ruwa. Domin juriya na ciki lokacin da ake so a shawo kan wutar lantarki, ƙarfin aiki koyaushe yana ƙasa da jimlar ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin wutar lantarki;

(3) Ƙarshen wutar lantarki: wato, batir ɗin ba zai ci gaba da fitarwa ba bayan an sanya shi a takamaiman ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, wanda aka ƙaddara ta tsarin tsarin baturi na lithium-ion, yawanci saboda farantin kariya, ƙarfin baturi idan an ƙare fitarwa shine kusan 2.95V;

(4) Daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki: A ka'ida, daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki kuma ana kiransa ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke nufin ƙimar da ake tsammani na yuwuwar bambance-bambancen da ke haifar da halayen sinadarai na tabbatacce da mummunan kayan baturi. Matsakaicin ƙarfin baturi na lithium-ion shine 3.7V. Ana iya ganin cewa ma'aunin wutar lantarki shine Standard aiki ƙarfin lantarki;

Yin la'akari da ƙarfin lantarki na batura lithium-ion guda huɗu da aka ambata a sama, ƙarfin lantarki na baturin lithium-ion da ke cikin yanayin aiki yana da daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin aiki. A cikin yanayin rashin aiki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baturin lithium-ion yana tsakanin wutar lantarki mai buɗewa da ƙarfin ƙarewa saboda baturin lithium-ion. Ana iya yin amfani da sinadarai na baturin ion akai-akai. Don haka, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na baturin lithium-ion ya kasance a ƙarfin ƙarewa, dole ne a yi cajin baturin. Idan ba a yi cajin baturi na dogon lokaci ba, rayuwar baturin za ta ragu ko ma gogewa.