John Goodenough: Laureate na Nobel kuma Majagaba na Fasahar Batir Lithium

John Goodenough, wanda ya sami kyautar Nobel yana da shekaru 97, shaida ce ga kalmar "Madalla" - hakika, ya kasance fiye da "mai kyau" kawai wajen tsara rayuwarsa da kuma makomar ɗan adam.

An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1922, a Amurka, Goodenough yana da kuruciya kaɗai. Barazanar rabuwar aure tsakanin iyayensa da wani dattijon da ya shagaltu da rayuwarsa ya kai ga Goodenough yakan sami kwanciyar hankali cikin kadaici, tare da karensa, Mack, don kamfani. Yin gwagwarmaya tare da dyslexia, aikinsa na ilimi bai kasance mai kyau ba. Duk da haka, ƙaunarsa ga yanayi, ya ci gaba a lokacin da yake yawo a cikin dazuzzuka, kama malam buɗe ido da hogs, ya haɓaka sha'awar bincike da fahimtar asirai na duniyar halitta.

Rashin soyayyar uwa da fuskantar rabuwar iyayensa a lokacin karatunsa na sakandare, Goodenough ya kuduri aniyar yin fice a fannin ilimi. Duk da wahalhalun kuɗi da kuma samun guraben ayyukan yi na ɗan lokaci don samun kuɗin karatunsa a Jami'ar Yale, ya jajirce tsawon shekarunsa na digiri na farko, duk da cewa ba tare da ingantaccen ilimi ba.

Rayuwar Goodenough ta dauki sauyi a lokacin da ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, daga baya ya sauya sheka zuwa burinsa a fannin kimiyya a Jami'ar Chicago. Duk da shakku na farko daga farfesa saboda shekarunsa, Goodenough bai yi nasara ba. Karatunsa na digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Chicago da kuma shekaru 24 na gaba a MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, inda ya shiga cikin motsin lithium-ion a cikin daskararru da bincike na tushe a cikin tukwane mai ƙarfi, ya aza harsashi ga nasarorin da ya samu a nan gaba.

Rikicin mai na 1973 ne ya sa Goodenough ya mayar da hankali wajen ajiyar makamashi. A cikin 1976, a cikin kasafin kuɗi, ya koma dakin gwaje-gwaje na Inorganic Chemistry na Jami'ar Oxford, wanda ya nuna gagarumin sauyi a cikin aikinsa yana da shekaru 54. A nan, ya fara aikinsa na farko a kan batir lithium.

Binciken Goodenough a ƙarshen 1970s, lokacin da samfuran lantarki suka zama sananne, yana da mahimmanci. Ya ƙera sabon batirin lithium ta hanyar amfani da lithium cobalt oxide da graphite, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta, yana da ƙarfi mafi girma, kuma ya fi aminci fiye da na baya. Wannan ƙirƙira ta kawo sauyi ga fasahar batirin lithium-ion, tare da rage farashi da inganta tsaro, duk da cewa bai taɓa cin gajiyar kuɗi daga wannan masana'antar ta biliyoyin daloli ba.

A cikin 1986, ya dawo Amurka, Goodenough ya ci gaba da bincikensa a Jami'ar Texas a Austin. A cikin 1997, yana da shekaru 75, ya gano lithium iron phosphate, kayan cathode mai rahusa kuma mafi aminci, yana ƙara haɓaka fasahar lantarki mai ɗaukar hoto. Ko da yana da shekaru 90, ya karkata hankalinsa ga batura masu ƙarfi, yana misalta koyo da neman rayuwa tsawon rai.

A 97, lokacin da ya karɓi kyautar Nobel, ba ƙarshen Goodenough ba ne. Ya ci gaba da aiki, yana da niyyar haɓaka babban baturi don adana makamashin hasken rana da iska. Burinsa shine ya ga duniyar da babu hayakin mota, mafarkin da yake fatan ya gane a rayuwarsa.

Tafiya ta rayuwa ta John Goodenough, wadda ke da alamar koyo da kuma shawo kan ƙalubale, ta nuna cewa bai yi latti ba don samun ɗaukaka. Labarinsa yana ci gaba da ci gaba da neman ilimi da kirkire-kirkire.